1. Ambient air quality monitoring & Testing

2. Indoor air quality monitoring & testing

3. Stack emission monitoring & testing

Ambient air quality testing is conducted to determine the gaseous or particulate concentration of air that may be released into the environment or breathed by humans. Dry air in the Earth’s atmosphere comprises a dynamic mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (~78%) and oxygen (~21%). Smaller volumes of argon (~0.9%) and carbon dioxide (~0.04%) are also present alongside copious trace level gas species and various particulate matter.

Ambient air quality is defined as the quality of air outside and sometimes inside. Ambient air quality standards are limits to concentrations of pollutants in air stated for well being of human, nature, animals, etc. There is no single specified definition of standards resulting, Various organizations use standards which are not often similar. Ambient air quality monitoring is also called as Outdoor Air Quality Testing.

Air quality monitoring is the process of assessment of pollutants present in the atmosphere by their quantity and types as per air quality standards. Air quality monitoring helps us to take action based on pollutants present in atmosphere to improve air quality

Below mentioned are National Ambient or Outdoor air quality standards (NAAQS Standards) which are used in ambient air testing.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen

Particulate Matter PM10

Particulate Matter PM2.5

Ozone (O3)

Lead (Pb)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Ammonia (NH3)

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzo(a)Pyrene

Arsenic (As)

Nickel (Ni)

Indoor air quality monitoring is all about achieving a healthy indoor environment, but what does that really mean? In general, it means:

1. There is adequate ventilation (the introduction and distribution of clean air).

2. Contaminants are controlled.

3. The temperature and humidity level are comfortable.

Ventilation plays an important role in indoor air quality. According to the EPA, ventilation is a “combination of processes which results in the supply and removal of air from inside a building.” Those processes include bringing in outside air, conditioning it and mixing it with indoor air, distributing that air throughout the building, and moving some portion of indoor air outside. If one or more of these processes are underperforming, the quality of indoor air will be affected.

Many commercial buildings use mechanical ventilation—fans and ductwork—that are part of the heating and HVAC systems. Some buildings can also utilize natural ventilation by opening doors or windows. The “ventilation rate” is the amount of outdoor air introduced into a space per a unit of time, and is often expressed in cubic feet per minute (cfm). You can find the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) minimum ventilation rates for acceptable air quality

Many pollutants that impact indoor air quality come from sources inside a building, though some are drawn in from outdoors. Among the most common pollutants are:

* Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—These are the main contributors to poor indoor air quality; they are ubiquitous both indoors and outdoors. VOCs are organic chemicals emitted as gases from products or processes; for the most part, you can smell their presence. Typical sources of VOCs indoors include things like cleaning agents, disinfectants, air fresheners, dehumidifiers, and more. (Even something as seemingly innocuous as a new carpet is likely to be giving off formaldehyde gas.) Sources of VOC contamination from outside could include volatile chemicals in polluted groundwater that are pulled inside during water use.

* Carbon monoxide (CO)—In contrast to VOCs, carbon monoxide is impossible to smell, taste, or see. At low and moderate concentrations it could cause fatigue, chest pain, or impaired vision; at high concentrations it could be fatal. Sources of carbon monoxide are generators, poorly maintained boilers or furnaces, automobile exhaust from nearby idling vehicles, and more.

* Particulate matter (PM)—Found both inside and outside, particulate matter is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air, such as dust, pollen, smoke, and soot. The particles themselves are different sizes, but the ones to be most concerned about are the smallest—10 micrometers in diameter or smaller—because they can be inhaled. Inhalation of PM can affect the heart and lungs. Outdoor PM, generated by construction, for example, or the burning of fossil fuels, enters into buildings via natural and mechanical ventilation. Indoors it can be produced by fireplaces, cigarette smoking, or other activities.

Some other pollutants to consider (but not a definitive list) are:

Radon

Carbon dioxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Methane

Temperature and humidity are considered important elements of air quality by the EPA, in part because of comfort. But too-high temperature and humidity levels have other consequences as well. Mold can begin to form as a result of high humidity; also, the rate at which chemicals are released from building materials is usually higher at higher building temperatures.

Indoor temperatures are sometimes more challenging to control than they seem due to factors such as heat gains from sunlight, outdoor conditions, and the outdoor air ventilation rate. ASHRAE recommends temperatures ranging from 68.5 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter, and from 75 to 80.5 degrees in the summer; indoor relative humidity should be maintained at or below 65%. The EPA recommends humidity levels of between 30% and 60% to reduce mold growth.

Stack Emissions monitoring is referred to as Stack emission testing, stack emission monitoring, stack sampling, Source Emission Monitoring or Source Testing. It is a process to measure the emission of industrial waste or pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. The pollutants emitted from the stack can be solid, gaseous, liquid organic or inorganic.

Industrial stacks are the means by which industrial plants discharge their gaseous wastes into the atmosphere. These gaseous effluents may contain pollutants which may be organic or inorganic in chemical nature and be in may be solid, liquid, or gas in physical form.

Stack Monitoring is an instrumental method or procedure for evaluating the characteristics of the emissions from industrial waste gas streams discharged into the atmosphere. Effluent measurement procedures follow specific test methods and protocols to ensure representative and accurate emission data. Test methods are generally pollutant specific, sometimes industry specific. These test methods are formulated and recommended by a variety of regulatory and statutory authorities and jurisdictions such as USEPA, CPCB etc.

Particulate pollution determination is generally carried out by sampling systems. Gaseous pollution determination is carried out either by manual methods or by instrumental methods depending upon the gaseous pollutant of interest. Manual methods comprise sampling systems.

A typical sampling system, which is the commonest method for stack emission monitoring, comprises a ‘ Sampling probe ’, a Sample Collection Module, a Sampling Control Module and a sampling pump.

The sample collection medium and the method of sampling varies with the physical form of the sampled pollutant. In case of particulate pollutants, the collection medium is a filter paper and sampling is carried out under isokinetic flow conditions. Gaseous pollutants are sampled by manual methods or instrumental methods.

* Condition of sampling under isokinetic conditions is not mandatory for sampling of gaseous pollutants.

* Removal of moisture from the stack effluents before their entry into control module is mandatory.

Moisture removal device may be made a part of the gaseous sampling system or may be kept separate from it.

Isokinetic Sampling Systems

Pollutant Specific Sampling Equipment

Gaseous Sampling Systems

Instrumental Methods

Measuring Instruments

Equipment by EPA Method

Particulate Matter (PM)

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Total Fluoride (F)

Mercury (Hg)

Chlorine (Cl)

Hydrochloric Acid Vapor & Mist (HCl)

Sulphuric Acid Mist (H2SO4)

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Lead (Pb)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Mold, yeast & bacteria

Humidity and temperature

Fungus, fiberglass, dead skin cells and insects

Pollen & dust

Aldehydes & wood paneling

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Particulate matter (PM2.5)

Heat Stress

Particulate matter (PM10)

Carbon monoxide

Suspended Particulate matter (SPM)

Oxygen

Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Oxides of Nitrogen

Lead as Pb

Ammonia Nickel as Ni

Ozone

Arsenic as As

Fluorides

Chromium as Cr

Hydrogen Sulphide

Benzene, Toluene & Xylene

Chlorine

Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Benzo(a)Pyrene(BaP)

Temperature Volatile Organic Compounds as per EPA 502/524 mix

Humidity

Noise

Illumination

Environmental Monitoring

Ambient Air Quality Testing

Indoor Air Quality Testing

Air Monitoring Testing

Stack Emission Testing

Water Testing

packaged Drinking Testing

waste Water Testing

Soil Testing

Aggregates Soil Testing

Bitumen Testing

natural Stone Testing

Environmental Impact Assessment

Mineral Ore Testing

Coal Coke Analysis and Testing

Bio-Mass Testing

Fine Chemicals Testing

Agri Products Testing

Soil Geo Technical Investigation

Soil Analysis and Testing

Microbiological Examination Testing

Micrometeorology Analysis and testing

Food testing

ores Testing

minerals Testing

Environmental Assessments Testing

Biodegradability / Biodegradation Testing

Air Monitoring Testing

Ambient Air Monitoring Testing

Air Quality Monitoring Testing

COSHH Assessments Testing

Dioxins Testing

Dust Testing

Fumes Testing

Furans Testing

Gases Testing

Metals Testing

Noise Testing

Phenols Testing

Semivolatile Organic Solvents Testing

Vapors Testing

Volatile Organic Solvents Testing

Allergen Testing

Anion Analysis Testing

Chloride Testing

Fluoride Testing

Sulfate Testing

Asbestos Surveys Testing

Bacteriological Testing

E Coli Testing

Fecal Coliforms Testing

Plate Count Testing

Bioconcentration Testing

Anaerobic Biodegradation Testing

Disintegration Testing

Bio feasibility Testing

Degradation Testing

Environmental Safety Testing

Acidic Atmosphere Testing

Atmospheric Testing

Contamination by Fluids Testing

Corrosive Environment Testing

Explosive Testing

Fungus Resistance Testing

High Temperature Testing

Humidity Testing

Icing/Freezing Rain Testing

Immersion Testing

Low Pressure Testing

Low Temperature Testing

Pressure Testing

Rain Testing

Salt/Fog Testing

Sand and Dust Testing

Shock Testing

Solar Radiation Testing

Temperature Testing

Thermal Shock Testing

Ecotoxicology Testing

Effluents and Waste Water Testing

Color Testing

Explosives Testing

Herbicides Testing

Hydrocarbons Testing

Neutralization Testing

Nutrients Testing

Oxidation Testing

Oxygen Demand Testing

Pesticides Testing

Radiological Testing

Sludge Thickening Testing

Flocculation Testing

Suspended Solids Turbidity Testing

Water and Solids Analysis Testing

Energy Efficiency Testing

Environmental Chemistry Testing

Environmental Contaminant Testing

DCE Testing

Perchlorate Testing

TCE Testing

Environmental Fate Studies Testing

Environmental Microbiology Testing

Coliforms Testing

Coliform Testing

Strep Testing

Fecal Coliform Testing

Total Coliform Testing

Cryptosporidium Testing

Giardia Testing

Mold Testing

Environmental Monitoring Testing

Environmental Simulation Testing

Gas Emissions Testing

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Testing

Hazardous Waste Testing

PCB's Testing

Limnology Testing

Metabolism Testing

Metals Analysis Testing

Arsenic Testing

Iron Testing

Lead Testing

Manganese Testing

Mercury Testing

Selenium Testing

Ocean Energy and Marine Testing

Green Algae Identification Testing

Organic Pollutants Determinations Testing

PAH Testing

PCB Testing

SVOC Testing

VOC Testing

Particle Identification Testing

Pesticide Testing

Photo-Degradation Testing

Sediment Toxicity Environmental Effects Testing

Eco toxicity Studies Testing

Seismic Testing

Soil Nutrients Testing

Carbon Testing

Phosphorus Testing

Nitrate Testing

Soil Testing

Sediment Analysis Testing

Bulk Soil Testing

Organic Soils and Sediments Testing

Soil Physical Properties Testing

Atterburg Limits Testing

Grain Size Testing

Hydraulic Conductivity Testing

Soil Moisture Content Testing

Soil Permeability Testing

Soil Remediation Testing

Specific Gravity Testing

Stack emissions sampling and analysis Testing

Ultra Trace Contaminant Analysis by HRMS Testing

Waste Analysis Testing

Waste Characterization Testing

Water Potability Testing

Coliform Bacteria Testing

Hardness Testing

Nitrates Testing

Sodium Chloride Testing

Total Dissolved Solids Testing

pH Testing

Water Quality Testing

Drinking Water Testing

Ground Water Testing

Inorganic Testing

ie Testing

lead Testing

copper Testing

cadmium Testing

arsenic Testing

barium Testing

chromium Testing

mercury Testing

selenium Testing

silver Testing

nitrate and nitrite) Organic Testing

Haloacetic Acid Testing

Total Organic Carbons Testing

Trihalomethanes Testing

(THMs) Surface Water Testing

Environmental Monitoring testing services in chennai , Ambient Air Quality Testing services in chennai , Indoor Air Quality Testing services in chennai , Air Monitoring Testing services in chennai , Stack Emission Testing services in chennai , Water Testing services in chennai , packaged Drinking Testing services in chennai , waste Water Testing services in chennai , Soil Testing services in chennai , Aggregates Soil Testing services in chennai , Bitumen Testing services in chennai , natural Stone Testing services in chennai , Environmental Impact Assessment services in chennai , Mineral Ore Testing services in chennai , Coal Coke Analysis and Testing services in chennai , Bio-Mass Testing services in chennai , Fine Chemicals Testing services in chennai , Agri Products Testing services in chennai , Soil Geo Technical Investigation services in chennai , Soil Analysis and Testing services in chennai , Microbiological Examination Testing services in chennai , services in chennai , Micrometeorology Analysis and testing services in chennai , Food testing services in chennai , ores Testing services in chennai , minerals Testing services in chennai , Workplace noise and dosimetry monitoring services in chennai , Workplace dust monitoring services in chennai , Work place VOC monitoring( real time/ gravimetric) services in chennai , Work place IAQ monitoring services in chennai , Workplace spore monitoring services in chennai , Workplace Welding fume monitoring services in chennai , Workplace metals monitoring services in chennai , Workplace respirable crystaline silica services in chennai , Air Quality Monitoring services in chennai , Toxic gas Monitoring services in chennai , Isokinetic Sampling services in chennai , Environmental Assessments Testing services in chennai , Biodegradability / Biodegradation Testing services in chennai , Air Monitoring Testing services in chennai , Ambient Air Monitoring Testing services in chennai , Air Quality Monitoring Testing services in chennai , COSHH Assessments Testing services in chennai , Dioxins Testing services in chennai , Dust Testing services in chennai , Fumes Testing services in chennai , Furans Testing services in chennai , Gases Testing services in chennai , Metals Testing services in chennai , Noise Testing services in chennai , Phenols Testing services in chennai , Semi volatile Organic Solvents Testing services in chennai , Vapors Testing services in chennai , Volatile Organic Solvents Testing services in chennai , Allergen Testing services in chennai , Anion Analysis Testing services in chennai , Chloride Testing services in chennai , Fluoride Testing services in chennai , Sulfate Testing services in chennai , Asbestos Surveys Testing services in chennai , Bacteriological Testing services in chennai , E Coli Testing services in chennai , Fecal Coli forms Testing services in chennai , Plate Count Testing services in chennai , Bio concentration Testing services in chennai , Anaerobic Biodegradation Testing services in chennai , Disintegration Testing services in chennai , Bio feasibility Testing services in chennai , Degradation Testing services in chennai , Environmental Safety Testing services in chennai , Acidic Atmosphere Testing services in chennai , Atmospheric Testing services in chennai , Contamination by Fluids Testing services in chennai , Corrosive Environment Testing services in chennai , Explosive Testing services in chennai , Fungus Resistance Testing services in chennai , High Temperature Testing services in chennai , Humidity Testing services in chennai , Icing/Freezing Rain Testing services in chennai , Immersion Testing services in chennai , Low Pressure Testing services in chennai , Low Temperature Testing services in chennai , Pressure Testing services in chennai , Rain Testing services in chennai , Salt/Fog Testing services in chennai , Sand and Dust Testing services in chennai , Shock Testing services in chennai , Solar Radiation Testing services in chennai , Temperature Testing services in chennai , Thermal Shock Testing services in chennai , Ecotoxicology Testing services in chennai , Effluents and Waste Water Testing services in chennai , Color Testing services in chennai , Explosives Testing services in chennai , Herbicides Testing services in chennai , Hydrocarbons Testing services in chennai , Neutralization Testing services in chennai , Nutrients Testing services in chennai , Oxidation Testing services in chennai , Oxygen Demand Testing services in chennai , Pesticides Testing services in chennai , Radiological Testing services in chennai , Sludge Thickening Testing services in chennai , Flocculation Testing services in chennai , Suspended Solids Turbidity Testing services in chennai , Water and Solids Analysis Testing services in chennai , Energy Efficiency Testing services in chennai , Environmental Chemistry Testing services in chennai , Environmental Contaminant Testing services in chennai , DCE Testing services in chennai , Perchlorate Testing services in chennai , TCE Testing services in chennai , Environmental Fate Studies Testing services in chennai , Environmental Microbiology Testing services in chennai , Coliforms Testing services in chennai , Coliform Testing services in chennai , Strep Testing services in chennai , Fecal Coliform Testing services in chennai , Total Coliform Testing services in chennai , Cryptosporidium Testing services in chennai , Giardia Testing services in chennai , Mold Testing services in chennai , Environmental Monitoring Testing services in chennai , Environmental Simulation Testing services in chennai , Gas Emissions Testing services in chennai , Greenhouse Gas Emissions Testing services in chennai , Hazardous Waste Testing services in chennai , PCB's Testing services in chennai , Limnology Testing services in chennai , Metabolism Testing services in chennai , Ocean Energy and Marine Testing services in chennai , Green Algae Identification Testing services in chennai , Organic Pollutants Determinations Testing services in chennai , PAH Testing services in chennai , PCB Testing services in chennai , SVOC Testing services in chennai , VOC Testing services in chennai , Particle Identification Testing services in chennai , Pesticide Testing services in chennai , Photo-Degradation Testing services in chennai , Sediment Toxicity Environmental Effects Testing services in chennai , Eco toxicity Studies Testing services in chennai , Seismic Testing services in chennai , Soil Nutrients Testing services in chennai , Carbon Testing services in chennai , Phosphorus Testing services in chennai , Nitrate Testing services in chennai , Soil Testing services in chennai , Sediment Analysis Testing services in chennai , Bulk Soil Testing services in chennai , Organic Soils and Sediments Testing services in chennai , Soil Physical Properties Testing services in chennai , Atterburg Limits Testing services in chennai , Grain Size Testing services in chennai , Hydraulic Conductivity Testing services in chennai , Soil Moisture Content Testing services in chennai , Soil Permeability Testing services in chennai , Soil Remediation Testing services in chennai , Specific Gravity Testing services in chennai , Stack emissions sampling and analysis Testing services in chennai , Ultra Trace Contaminant Analysis by HRMS Testing services in chennai , Waste Analysis Testing services in chennai , Waste Characterization Testing services in chennai , Water Potability Testing services in chennai , Coliform Bacteria Testing services in chennai , Hardness Testing services in chennai , Nitrates Testing services in chennai , Sodium Chloride Testing services in chennai , Total Dissolved Solids Testing services in chennai , pH Testing services in chennai , Water Quality Testing services in chennai , Drinking Water Testing services in chennai , Ground Water Testing services in chennai ...