AN ISO/IEC - 17025 STANDARD - NABL ACCREDITATION LABORATORY / TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION - MECH - CIVIL - ELECTRICAL & IT COURSES / A to Z LABORATORY TESTING SERVICES / INSPECTION SERVICES / ALL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS / MORE THAN 1500 SERVICES ...

Water leakage / water seepage / water Dampness Investigation - Building
 
 
 
1. What are the common causes of water leakage?
 
Common causes of water leakage :
 
  • * Leakage in the drainage pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Leakage in the water supply pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Deteriorated waterproofing of floor slabs or bath-tub seals.
  • * Seepage of waste water or rain water through roof / external wall.
  •  
    water seepage Testing methods
     
  • 1. Dye Tracer Test
  • 2. Electrical capacitance Investigation
  • 3. Electrical Resistance Investigation
  • 4. Microwave Leakage Testing
  • 5. Infrared Thermography Testing
  • 6. Pressure Test
  • 7. Humidity Sensors Test
  • 8. Electrical Earth Leakage Test
  • 9. Flood Testing
  • 10. Water Spray Test
  • 11. Acoustic Leak Testing
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE ACCURACY OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • 1. Two common sources of water seepage in buildings are from the external, e.g. rainfall, and from above or the alleged source sites, e.g. domestic use of water.
  • 2. The former is obvious and can readily be identified with certainty. The main difficulty is to identify the source/cause of water seepage coming from above (e.g. from the bathroom immediate above an alleged water seepage site).
  • 3. If the parties are cooperative, there is a good chance that the problem of water seepage can be alleviated by investigating/identifying the sources and carrying out proper repair. In majority of the cases, repeated repair will have to be carried out
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE COMMON METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • Methodology 1: The alleged source site is first subjected to dyed water to simulate the water source(s). Afterwards, measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Typical examples include flooding test, water spray test and dye test. It is generally considered as the most direct means to identify/differentiate different water source(s). However, it is not applicable in majority of the cases due to non-corporation of owners/occupiers of the alleged source site thereby disallowing any flooding test, water spray test or dye test to be carried out from the alleged water seepage site.
  •  
  • Methodology 2: Without simulating the water source(s), measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Source(s) and cause(s) of water seepage are interpreted from the measurement and this requires high level of professional knowledge and expertise.
  •  
  • The commonly used techniques for investigating the causes and/or sources of water seepage.
  •  
    Common methods of investigating water seepage
     
  • 1. Dye test - Through thickness penetration
  • 2. Protimeter measurement - Limit to surface
  • 3. Infrared thermography - From surface to nominal depth
  • 4. Microwave moisture meter - Up to 110 mm or more
  •  
    1. Dye Test
     
  • Dye test is the most commonly used technique, inexpensive and requiring minimal technical skills. It is used by the Joint Office as the routine method for systematic investigation and is recommended as a DIY investigation tool (FEHD and BD). Dye test is carried out by ponding the alleged source site (e.g. flooding the bathroom) with dyed water (“the ponding area”). The result is positive if dye is visible from below. Recently, fluorescent dyes are used thereby signs of water seepage are observed from below by an ultraviolet light in dark condition. Quite often dye is not detected from below in the damp area (“negative results”) even though water originates from the ponding area.
  •  
    2. Protimeter Measurement
     
  • Protimeter is a device commonly used to assess the surface moisture content of a material. Surface moisture content is measured through pushing two needles/electrodes into the material. It enables rapid assessment of surface moisture content. Due to the heterogeneous properties of concrete and unknown properties of finishes on the surface of concrete, readings obtained from a protimeter cannot be taken directly as surface moisture content, unless the readings reflect very high moisture content. As precalibration of surface moisture content of concrete is virtually not possible, readings are taken from both affected areas and non-affected areas (or control points) and the values are compared to estimate the surface moisture content of affected areas
  •  
    3. Infrared thermography
     
  • Infrared thermography is based on the principle that wet and dry building components have different rates of heat gain and retention. This technique is normally applied using a hand-held infrared camera with recording device . Wet zone is identified based on physical characteristics of wet material with slower heat gain and heat loss. It may be able to display water paths, hidden water pipes, etc. that are close to the surface. As temperature differential can be very small (between 0.1C to 0.5C) for identifying a wet area, an uneven surface, e.g. spalling/delamination of finishes, may distort the temperature gradient making the thermographic images unreliable. this is usually the case in an affected area
  •  
    4. Microwave moisture meter
     
  • Microwave moisture meter has gained popularity in measuring the moisture content of a material. It is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the material. Moisture content is estimated from the energy loss due to absorption of water. The device includes a generator and a receiver . It has the disadvantage of requiring a good contact surface for both generator and receiver which may not be possible to achieve in majority of the cases. It is also sensitive to heterogeneous nature of concrete that may cause error in the readings obtained from the measurement. As each measurement is presented as averaged moisture up to a certain depth, accuracy is also adversely affected by the presence of cavities, pipes or reinforcement embedded inside concrete.
  •  
  • Apart from dye test with the advantage of identifying water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage directly, the above are all interpretive testing methods. In some cases, microwave moisture measurement may also provide good indication of the water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage but this largely depends on the quality of the test data
  •  
  • Protimeter and infrared thermography can only identify the presence of moisture near the surface. As moisture measurements are indirectly assessed via electrical resistance and heat, respectively, foreign materials inside concrete may cause similar changes on the measurement to that of water. For instance, presence of salt may affect the reading and thus the accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, the data is used to compare the moisture condition between two different areas of the same material, namely control points not affected by water seepage and the affected areas.
  •  
  • Data obtained from the field works has suggested that there exists no universal method that can provide reliable results to identify the cause(s) of water seepage. Method of investigation has to be determined case by case based on the condition of concrete at the surface and in the interior
  •  
  • As indicated in the above, accuracy depends on the condition of the affected areas and how the tests are performed. Correct interpretation of the test results further relies on an understanding of the underlining principle; limitations; and the pros and cons of applying different methods of investigations. We are of the view that there is in lack of an expertise or a unify approach to select the proper tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results. Obviously, it is very difficult if not impossible task for the parties, who are laymen to the tests, to select the tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results, save and except dye test. A performance-based approach is proposed to handle water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    CONCLUSIONS
     
  • Pursuant to reported cases and relevant provisions in the ordinances, the standard of investigation is to be one with high degree of certainty and the investigation so conducted is able to distinguish all possible causes of water seepage. Common difficulties in resolving water seepage disputes are due to (a) inability to identify the source(s)/cause(s) of water seepage and (b) non-corporation of owners/occupiers of premises alleged of causing water seepage. In respect of (a), it depends on the condition of the affected areas; how the tests are performed; and correct interpretation of the test results. It is necessary to improve and/or develop methods of investigating water seepage. As an alternative approach, it is suggested to identify the source(s) of water seepage from moisture readings obtained from alleged water seepage sites and vibration readings obtained from exposed waste pipes without entering the alleged source sites. Further, it is desirable to shift the method of investigation from an informative approach to a consultative approach with interaction by the party/parties. We need to dedicate tools to match the accuracy/reliability of methods of investigation with the goals of the parties and the goals of the investigation and to provide the parties with opportunities to decide how they would like to proceed. By following a performance-based approach, it is possible to reduce the overall cost and time by not carrying out unnecessary and/or unreliable tests. This may ultimately assist the public to resolve the problem of water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    Water Seepage Investigation List
     
    Water Seepage Problem investigation , Leak & Water Seepage testing in singapore , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection in singapore , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage detection in singapore , Detecting Leakage , water leakage testing in singapore , Seepage testing Source in singapore , Residential Building seepage tesing in singapore , Seepage testing using Fluoride , Seepage on Walls testing in singapore , Dampness on Walls tesing in singapore , Preventing Dampness in singapore , Preventing Dampness Types of Waterproofing Material , Effects of Dampness detection in singapore , Causes of Dampness detection in singapore , Seepage or Dampness on Walls , Seepage Inspections , Leak detection and location in singapore , Leak detection testing in singapore , Leak detection in singapore , Leak detection problem inspection , Water Testing and Leakage inspection , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection In singapore , dampness testing in singapore , seepage testing in singapore , water leakage testing in singapore , leak testing in singapore , Hydrostatic & Diagnostic Pressure Testing and Pipe Leak , Basements Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Escalators Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Electrical rooms Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Electrical Transformers Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , DG sets Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Rain water harvesting system Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Firefighting systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Lobbies Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Rain water harvesting system Plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Corridors Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Parking Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Podium Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Overhead water tanks Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Helipad Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Roads and pathways Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Staircases Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Basement ventilation and exhaust systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Dampness & damages in all common areas Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Painting work Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore , Shafts and ducts which are open for inspection Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in singapore ...
     
    civil ndt and mechanical ndt - non destructive testing in singapore list
     
    civil ndt testing - non-destructive testing in singapore , concrete for bridges testing in singapore , dams civil testing in singapore ,, building civil ndt in singapore , subway civil testing in singapore , tunnel civil ndt in singapore , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in singapore , rebound hammer testing in singapore , rebar locator in singapore , depth of concrete in singapore , half cell potential testing in singapore , carbonation testing in singapore , pile integrity testing in singapore , visual inspection and field in singapore , civil ndt - concrete testing in singapore , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in singapore , rebound hammer testing in singapore , rebar locator in singapore , depth of concrete in singapore , half cell potential testing in singapore , carbonation testing in singapore , pile integrity testing in singapore , visual inspection and field in singapore , in-situ compressive strength testing in singapore , civil design strength in singapore , civil existing structures in singapore , construction materials testing in singapore , pile testing systems in singapore , structural monitoring systems in singapore , asphalt testing systems in singapore , pavement testing in singapore , rock and soil laboratory test systems in singapore , non-destructive tests for concrete in singapore , geotechnical & vibration monitoring systems in singapore , pavement condition monitoring in singapore , concrete and cement lab systems in singapore , civil lab testing concrete and concreting material analysis , civil laboratory testing in singapore , construction material testing in singapore , cement testing in singapore , aggregate testing in singapore , bricks testing in singapore , blocks testing in singapore , tension test on rebars testing in singapore , chemical test on rebars testing in singapore , water analysis in singapore , cube test in singapore , accelerated cube test (act) in singapore , rapid chloride test (rcpt) in singapore , concrete mix design in singapore , fly ash in singapore , slag and silica fume in singapore , self compacting concrete in singapore , temperature controlled concrete in singapore , civil ndt and concrete testing in singapore , civil ndt investigation in singapore , concrete investigation in singapore , coating thickness measurement on concrete structures in singapore , compressive strength testing in singapore , concrete mix design in singapore , bitumen mix design in singapore , core extraction testing in singapore , core sampling testing in singapore , concrete core testing in singapore , concrete cube testing in singapore , chemical analysis in singapore , electrical resistivity testing in singapore , ground penetrating radar survey in singapore , sieve analysis in singapore , ultrasonic low frequency testing in singapore , upv testing in singapore , vibration analysis of building in singapore , leak testing in singapore , ct scan on conctete in singapore , element analysis on concrete in singapore , impact echo testing in singapore , linear polarization testing in singapore , load testing in singapore , permeability testing in singapore , petrography of concrete in singapore , pullout testing in singapore , cut and pullout testing (cpo test) in singapore , impulse response test in singapore , impact echo test in singapore , ground penetrating radar (gpr) in singapore , crack depth measurement in singapore , reinforcement location and corrosion assessments in singapore , reinforcement location by ground penetrating radar (gpr) in singapore , cover assessment in singapore , half cell potential tests in singapore , resistivity tests in singapore , corrosion rate assessment in singapore , carbonation test in singapore , repair quality assessment in singapore , bond test in singapore , anchor rebar pull out strength in singapore , chemical testing in singapore , ultrasonic testing in singapore , radiographic testing in singapore , magnetic particle testing in singapore , penetrant testing in singapore , eddy current testing in singapore , visual testing in singapore , ultrasonic thickness measurement testing in singapore , vibration analysis in singapore , time of flight diffraction (tofd) in singapore , phased array ultrasonic testing (paut) in singapore , ndt testing in singapore , non destructive testing in singapore , ndt in singapore , ultrasonic testing in singapore , magnetic particle testing in singapore , dye penetrant testing in singapore , radiographic testing in singapore , eddy current testing in singapore , vibration analysis in singapore , paut – toft in singapore , ultrasonic thickness gauging testing in singapore , helium leak detection in singapore , rfet / nfet / pect testing in singapore , internal rotary inspection system (iris) in singapore , acoustic pulse reflectometry (apr) in singapore , positive material identification testing in singapore , magnetic flux leakage (mfl) testing in singapore , acoustic emission testing in singapore , flouresent leak detection in singapore , long range ultrasonic testing - lrut in singapore , thermography inspection in singapore , leak testing in singapore , tky joints ultrasonic testing in singapore , aws d1.1 structural steel ultrasonic testing in singapore , ndt capabilities for mechanical and civil in singapore , ultrasonic inspection in singapore , time of flight diffraction (tofd) and phased array ut in singapore , magnetic particle testing in singapore , dye penetrant testing in singapore , radiographic testing in singapore , eddy current testing in singapore , weld ability study in singapore , visual inspection and field in singapore ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    Afghanistan | Africa | Albania | Algeria | Americas | Andorra | Angola | Anguilla | Antigua and Barbuda | Argentina | Armenia | Aruba | Asia | Australia | Australia and New Zealand | Austria | Azerbaijan | Bahamas | Bahrain | Bangladesh | Barbados | Belarus | Belgium | Belize | Benin | Bermuda | Bhutan | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Botswana | Brazil | British Virgin Islands | Brunei Darussalam | Bulgaria | Burkina Faso | Burundi | Cabo Verde | Cambodia | Cameroon | Canada | Caribbean | Cayman Islands | Central African Republic | Central America | Central Asia | Chad | Chile | China, Hong Kong SAR | China, Macao Special Administrative Region | China, People's Republic of | Colombia | Comoros | Congo | Cook Islands | Costa Rica | Côte d'Ivoire | Croatia | Cuba | Curaçao | Cyprus | Czechia | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Democratic Republic of the Congo | Denmark | Djibouti | Dominica | Dominican Republic | Eastern Africa | Eastern Asia | Eastern Europe | Ecuador | Egypt | El Salvador | Equatorial Guinea | Eritrea | Estonia | Ethiopia | Europe | Fiji | Finland | Former Czechoslovakia | Former Ethiopia | Former Netherlands Antilles | Former Sudan | Former USSR | Former Yugoslavia | France | French Polynesia | Gabon | Gambia | Georgia | Germany | Ghana | Greece | Greenland | Grenada | Guatemala | Guinea | Guinea-Bissau | Guyana | Haiti | Honduras | Hungary | Iceland | India | Indonesia | Iran, Islamic Republic of | Iraq | Ireland | Israel | Italy | Jamaica | Japan | Jordan | Kazakhstan | Kenya | Kingdom of Eswatini | Kiribati | Kosovo | Kuwait | Kyrgyzstan | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Latin America and the Caribbean | Latvia | Lebanon | Lesotho | Liberia | Libya | Liechtenstein | Lithuania | Luxembourg | Madagascar | Malawi | Malaysia | Maldives | Mali | Malta | Marshall Islands | Mauritania | Mauritius | Melanesia | Mexico | Micronesia | Micronesia (Federated States of) | Middle Africa | Monaco | Mongolia | Montenegro | Montserrat | Morocco | Mozambique | Myanmar | Namibia | Nauru | Nepal | Netherlands | New Caledonia | New Zealand | Nicaragua | Niger | Nigeria | Northern Africa | Northern America | Northern Europe | Norway | Oceania | Oman | Pakistan | Palau | Panama | Papua New Guinea | Paraguay | Peru | Philippines | Poland | Polynesia | Portugal | Puerto Rico | Qatar | Republic of Korea | Republic of Moldova | Republic of North Macedonia | Romania | Russian Federation | Rwanda | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Saint Lucia | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Samoa | San Marino | Sao Tome and Principe | Saudi Arabia | Senegal | Serbia | Seychelles | Sierra Leone | Singapore | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | Slovakia | Slovenia | Solomon Islands | Somalia | South Africa | South America | South Sudan | South-Eastern Asia | Southern Africa | Southern Asia | Southern Europe | Spain | Sri Lanka | State of Palestine | Sub-Saharan Africa | Sudan | Suriname | Sweden | Switzerland | Syrian Arab Republic | Tajikistan | Thailand | Timor-Leste | Togo | Tonga | Trinidad and Tobago | Tunisia | Turkey | Turkmenistan | Turks and Caicos Islands | Tuvalu | Uganda | Ukraine | United Arab Emirates | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | United Republic of Tanzania: Mainland | United Republic of Tanzania: Zanzibar | United States | Uruguay | Uzbekistan | Vanuatu | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | Viet Nam | Western Africa | Western Asia | Western Europe | World | Yemen | Yemen: Former Democratic Yemen | Yemen: Former Yemen Arab Republic | Zambia | Zimbabwe ...
     
    list of our services following city
     
    Adam Park | Adelphi Park Estate | Admiralty | Ah Soo Garden | Aik Hong and Aik Chiang Estate | Alexandra Estate | Ama Keng | Ang Mo Kio New Town | Ardmore Flats | Ayer Raja New Town | Bajau Estate | Bamboo Grove Park | Ban Guan Park | Banta Tengeh | Bedok Garden | Bedok New Town | Bedok Village | Bedok Ville | Bena Park | Bin Tong Park | Bishan New Town | Boon Lay | Boon Lay Resettlement Area | Braddell Heights Estate | Brickworks Estate | Bright Hill Crescent | Brizay Park | Bugis | Bukit Batok New Town | Bukit Ho Swee Estate | Bukit Mandai Village | Bukit Merah Estate | Bukit Panjang Estate | Bukit Panjang New Town | Bukit Sembawang Estate | Bukit Timah | Bulim | Buona Vista | Caldecott Hill Estate | Camden Park | Central Water Catchment | Chai Chee Estate | Changi Village | Charlton Park | Chia Keng | Chia Tong Quah Estate | Chinese Gardens | Chip Hock Garden | Choa Chu Kang New Town | Chong Pang | Chye Kay | Clementi Housing Estate | Coronation Gardens | Delta Estate | Delta Road | Dragon View Park | Dunearn Estate | East View Garden | Eastern Gardens | Eden Park | Eng Khong Gardens | Eunos | Ewart Park | Faber Garden | Faber Hills | Fernhill Gardens | Fish Farming Estate | Frankel Estate | Fuyong Estate | Gay World Park | Geylang | Ghim Moh | Goldhill Gardens | Hai Sing Park | Happy Gardens | HarbourFront | Heap Guan Village | Henderson Estate | Hillcrest Park | Holland Grove Park | Holland Village | Hong Kah | Hong Kong Park | Hong Leong Garden | Hougang New Town | Huat Choe | Hume Heights | Hun Yeang | Island View Estate | Jalan Kayu | Johor | Jurong East | Jurong Town | Jurong West ...
     
    list of our services following All city
     
    Kaki Bukit Estate | Kalang | Kam Wak Hassan | Kampong Amber | Kampong Amoy Quee | Kampong Ayer Bajau | Kampong Ayer Gemuruh | Kampong Ayer Limau | Kampong Ayer Merbau | Kampong Ayer Samak Darat | Kampong Baharu | Kampong Bahru | Kampong Batu Koyok | Kampong Belimbing | Kampong Bereh | Kampong Beremban | Kampong Blukang | Kampong Bugis | Kampong Bukit Panjang | Kampong Chai Chee | Kampong Changi | Kampong Chantek Baharu | Kampong Che Jevah | Kampong Cutforth | Kampong Darat Nanas | Kampong Eunos | Kampong Harvey | Kampong Hock Soon | Kampong Jagoh | Kampong Java Teban | Kampong Jelutong | Kampong Kebun Baharu | Kampong Kitin | Kampong Kopit | Kampong Kranji | Kampong Kuchai | Kampong Ladang | Kampong Lew Lian | Kampong Loyang | Kampong Mak Baok | Kampong Mamam | Kampong Mandai Kechil | Kampong Melayu | Kampong Noordin | Kampong O'Carroll Scott | Kampong Pachitan | Kampong Padang Terbakar | Kampong Pahang | Kampong Pasir | Kampong Pasir Merah | Kampong Pasir Ris | Kampong Pengkalan Kundor | Kampong Pengkalan Pakau | Kampong Pengkalan Petai | Kampong Perigi Piau | Kampong Permatang | Kampong Pesek | Kampong Pinang | Kampong Potong Pasir | Kampong Pulau Kechil | Kampong Punggol | Kampong Reteh | Kampong Saigon | Kampong Sakeng | Kampong Salabin | Kampong San Teng | Kampong Sanyongkong | Kampong Sanyonkong Parit | Kampong Sek Lim | Kampong Seminei | Kampong Serangoon Kechil | Kampong Seraya | Kampong Silat Estate | Kampong Sireh | Kampong Siren | Kampong Soopoo | Kampong Sudong | Kampong Sultan | Kampong Sungai Belang | Kampong Sungai Blukar | Kampong Sungai Jurong | Kampong Sungai Pandan | Kampong Sungai Tengah | Kampong Tampines | Kampong Tanah Merah | Kampong Tanah Merah Kechil | Kampong Tanjong Irau | Kampong Tanjong Penjuru | Kampong Teban | Kampong Tebing Terjun | Kampong Telok | Kampong Todak | Kampong Tongkang Pechah | Kampong Tulloch | Kampong Ubi | Kampong Ulu Jurong | Kampong Ulu Pandan | Kampong Unum | Kampong Wak Bechik | Kampong Wak Dulah | Kampong Wak Hassan | Kampong Wak Sekak | Kampong Wak Tanjong | Kampong Wing Loong | Kampong Woodleigh | Kangkar | Keat Hong Village | Kembangan | Kent Ridge | Kian Hong Estate | Kian Teck San Estate | Kilburn Estate | Kim Chuan | Kimlin Park | King Albert Park | Kingsmead Hall | Lam Kiong Estate | Lam San Village | Lavender | Leedon Park | Lim Chu Kang | Lim Chu Kang Estate | Lokyang | Lorong Tiga Estate | Lower Delta Road | Lucky Hills | Lucky Park | MacPherson | Marina Bay | Marine Parade | Marsiling | Marsiling Estate | Maryland Estate | Mata Ikan | Matilda Estate | Mayflower Estate | McMahon Park | Medway Park | Mok Peng Hiang Estate | Mount Emily Park | Mount Pleasant | Mount Rosie | Mount Vernon | Namazie Estate | Nee Soon Estate | Nepal Park | Newton | Ng Kay Boon Estate | Night Safari | Novena | Oei Tiong Ham Park | Old Kallang Airport Estate | Ong Lee | Opera Estate | Orchard | Outram Park | Pandan Valley | Pasir Panjang | Pasir Ris New Town | Paya Lebar | People's Park | Peoples Garden | Perseverance Estate | Phoenix Park | Playfair Estate | Prince Edward Park | Prince Edward Point | Princess Elizabeth Estate | Pulau Minyak | Pulau Ubin Village | Punggol | Punggol Estate | Queen Astrid Park | Queenstown Estate | Quemoy Park | Race Course Village | Radin Mas | Raffles Park | Raffles Place | Raya Garden | Rebecca Park | River Valley | Rochester Park | Rose Garden | Saga | Saint Michael's Estate | Sam Heng Estate | Sarang Rimau | Sea View Estate | Seletar | Seletar Hills Estate | Sembawang Estate | Sembawang Hills Estate | Sengkang New Town | Sennett Estate | Sentosa | Serangoon | Serangoon Garden Estate | Serangoon New Town | Shamrock Park | Siew Lim Park | Simei New Town | Simpang Bedok Village | Sin Watt Estate | Singapore | Singapore United Plantation | Somapah Changi | Somapah Serangoon | Sommerville Estate | Song Hah Estate | Soo Chow Garden | Spring Park Estate | Springleaf Park | Sungai Mandai Village | Sungai Simpang | Sungai Unum Estate | Sussex Estate | Tai Hwan Gardens | Tai Kheng Gardens | Tai Seng | Tampines Estate | Tampines New Town | Tan Hua Gek Estate | Tanglin | Tanglin Halt | Tanglin Hill | Tanjong Pagar | Tay Keng Loon Estate | Teacher's Housing Estate | Teck Chong Estate | Teck Hock | Telok Blangah New Town | Tengah | Thomson | Thomson Garden Estate | Thomson Park | Thomson Ridge Estate | Thong Hoe Village | Tian Guan Estate | Tiong Bahru Estate | Tiong Guan Estate | Toa Payoh New Town | Tua Kang Lye | Tuas | Tyersall Park | Ulu Bedok | Victoria Park | Watten Estate | Watten Park | Wessex Estate | West Coast Village | Windsor Park Estate | Woodlands | Woodleigh Park | Woollerton Park | Xilin Estate | Yan Kit | Yew Tee | Yio Chu Kang | Yio Chu Kang Estate | Yishun New Town | York Hill Estate ...
     
    list of our services following City and Region
     
    Jurong West | Tampines | Woodlands | Hougang | Sengkang | Yishun | Ang Mo Kio | Choa Chu Kang | Bukit Merah | Pasir Ris | Bukit Batok | Bukit Panjang | Toa Payoh | Serangoon | Geylang | Punggol | Kallang | Queenstown | Clementi | Bishan | Jurong East | Sembawang | Bukit Timah | Marine Parade | Novena | Outram | Tanglin | Rochor | River Valley | Newton | Downtown Core | Singapore River | Changi | Mandai | Southern Islands | Orchard | Western Water Catchment | Sungei Kadut | Museum | Seletar | Pioneer | Lim Chu Kang | Tuas | North-Eastern Islands | Paya Lebar | Boon Lay | Central Water Catchment | Tengah | Marina East | Marina South | Straits View | Changi Bay | Simpang | Western Islands ....