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SIEVE CALIBRATION

Quality control of the sieving process is essential, and for people involved in material processing and particle characterization, sieve calibration can be a confusing topic. It is beneficial to understand what sieve calibration is, why a working sieve should be calibrated, and how to calibrate a sieve.

What is Sieve Calibration?

Sieve calibration is the process of checking a working sieve’s performance. (A working sieve is a test sieve that is used regularly to perform a particle-size analysis.)

Why Calibrate a Working Sieve?

Since working sieves are used daily for tests, they are also cleaned regularly. Although frequent use can cause changes in mesh openings, much of the damage sustained to working sieves occurs during cleaning. Often, the operator hurries to clear the mesh of residual particles by strongly tapping the frame. This tapping can distort the mesh. Operators also use brushes to remove residual particles after a test. This process often distorts sections of the sieve mesh. These alterations of the sieve will change the results obtained in subsequent tests, hence the need for calibration.

Excessive damage, such as tears or large distortions of the mesh weave, can be detected by visual inspection. Damaged sieves can be taken out of service when the damage is observed. When the change is small, visual observation may not detect a variation in the test results attributable to the sieve’s change. A way to determine if changes have occurred is to compare the sieve’s performance against a known standard. This is sieve calibration.

In addition, in operations with tight particle-size specifications, calibration of new test sieves is performed to establish a performance baseline for the sieve.

How Is a Test Sieve Calibrated?

The base point of a sieve calibration process is the use of a fixed standard and there are a number of approaches used. The most common is the use of a master stack of sieves, a master sample, or calibration spheres or beads.

A master stack of sieves includes one of each of the sieves used in the processes. A master stack should consist of mesh-certified sieves. In the event of tight tolerances for the sieve tests, it is recommended that mid-point sieves be used.

The following steps are used for this method:

1. Prepare two samples of the material selected for the calibration process.

2. Place the master stack of sieves on a sieve shaker.

3. Load one of the samples into the top sieve.

4. Run on a sieve shaker for the predetermined time.

5. Prepare a percent-retained analysis of the result.

6. Place the stack of working sieves (sieves with sizes to match master stack).

7. Repeat steps three through five for the second sample of the material.

8. Compare the results of the two analyses.

9. Check variance from the master stack against acceptable tolerances.

10. Replace the working sieves that are out of tolerance.

11. Some users only calibrate one sieve at a time and compare it to one sieve from the master set. This procedure can be done before putting new working sieves in service.

12. In some processes, master samples are maintained of all material that is subject to sieve testing. The results expected from working sieves were established through the use of a master sieve stack or other calibration techniques. In this method, a sample from the master is used and the following steps are taken:

1. Place the stack of working sieves to be checked on a sieve shaker.

2. Load the selected sample from the master sample into the top sieve.

3. Run the sieve shaker for the predetermined time.

4. Prepare a percent-retained analysis of the result.

5. Compare the results to acceptable tolerances for the sieves in this stack.

6. Replace the working sieves that are out of tolerance.

The used sample may be returned to the original master sample. Depending on the type of material, deterioration may occur during the sieve test. Where this occurs the test sample is discarded after use.

As with the use of a master stack, some users only calibrate one sieve at a time and compare it to a performance-tolerance chart for that sieve size. This procedure can also be used for new working sieves before putting them into service.

Calibration spheres, in sizes for each of the sieves to be calibrated, are used to determine the actual results obtained by each sieve tested. This method is simple and gives a precise result on the mean aperture size. The result is traceable to NIST and NPL standards. It is a good check for standards reporting and for setting internal standards. The procedure for this calibration is as follows:

1. Select the sieve to be calibrated.

2. Empty the contents of the bottle containing the appropriate standard onto the sieve.

3. Shake evenly over the surface for one minute.

4. Calculate the percent passing through and read the mean aperture for a calibration graph.

The method specified by ASTM is to optically inspect a sample of the openings, measure the apertures and the wire, and compare the results with the ASTM E11 standard. Traditionally, this has been accomplished visually using a microscope. However, there are new computer-based image-analysis systems that are beginning to have limited use for sieve calibration.

SIEVE ANALYSIS

SIEVE ANALYSIS - Grain size analysis (IS : 2720 (Part-IV), 1965)

Two methods are generally followed for finding the distribution of grain sizes viz., wet sieving, applicable to all soils and dry sieving applicable only for soils which do not have appreciable amount of clay. As, the present site under study does not contain appreciable amounts of clay dry sieving is employed to finding the grain size distribution.

Sieve analysis of soil passing 4.75 mm sieve and retained on 75-micron sieve

Sieve Materials

Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.001, sieves (2 mm- sieve,425-micron sieve, and 75-micron sieve.

Sieve Analysis Testing procedure

The set of sieves in the above sieve range are arranged and mounted on sieve shaker or shaken manually after placing known amount of soil sample. The cumulative weight of soil fraction retained on each sieve is calculated. The percentage of soil fraction retained on each size is calculated on the basis ofthe weight of the sample passing 4.75-mm sieve taken for the initial analysis. The combined gradation on the basis of the total soil sample taken for analysis is then calculated.

The results ofthe grain size analysis are reported in a suitable tabular form. A grain size distribution curve is drawn on a semi-logarithmic chart, plotting particle size on the log scale against percentage finer than the corresponding size on the ordinary scale.

Sieve Test Method: IS: 2720 (P-22)1972

The objective of this test is to determine the relative proportions of different granular sizes as they pass through a specific sieve size. Thus, the percentage of gravel, clay, silt and sand can be extracted from the sieve analysis test.

The sieve analysis (grain size analysis) is widely used in the classification of soils. The data obtained from grain size distribution curves is used in the design of filters of earth dams and to determine the suitability of the soil for road/highway construction, embankment fill of dam, airport runway/taxiway, etc.

CIVIL - NDT TESTING SERVICES

CIVIL NDT - CONCRETE TESTING SERVICES

CONCRETE FOR BRIDGES, DAMS, BUILDINGS, SUBWAYS, TUNNELS ETC..

1. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testing
2. Rebound Hammer Testing
3. Rebar Locator
4. Depth of concrete
5. Half Cell Potential Testing
6. Carbonation Testing
7. Pile Integrity Testing
8. Visual Inspection and Field Services
9. In-Situ Compressive Strength (design strength, and existing structures)

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENTS:

1. Pile Testing Systems
2. Structural Monitoring Systems
3. Asphalt Testing Systems
4. Pavement Testing
5. Rock and Soil Laboratory Test Systems
6. Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete
7. Geotechnical & Vibration Monitoring Systems
8. Pavement Condition Monitoring
9. Concrete and Cement Lab Systems

LAB TESTING - CONCRETE AND CONCRETING MATERIALS

Laboratory Tests on Construction Materials as per Standards.
1. Cement
2. Aggregate
3. Bricks
4. Blocks
5. Tension test on rebars
6. Chemical test on Rebars
7. Water Analysis
8. Cube test
9. Accelerated cube test (ACT)
10. Rapid Chloride test (RCPT)
11. Concrete Mix Design
12. Fly ash
13. Slag and Silica fume
14. Self compacting concrete
15. Temperature controlled concrete

CIVIL NDT AND CONCRETE - TESTING SERVICES

1. Civil NDT Investigation
2. Concrete Investigation
3. coating Thickness Measurement on Concrete Structures
4. Compressive Strength Testing
5. Concrete Mix Design
6. Bitumen Mix Design
7. Core extraction Testing
8. Core Sampling Testing
9. Concrete Core Testing
10. Concrete Cube Testing
11. Chemical Analysis
12. Electrical Resistivity Testing
13. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey
14. Sieve Analysis
15. Ultrasonic Low Frequency Testing
16. UPV Testing
17. Vibration Analysis of Building
18. Leak Testing
19. CT Scan on Conctete
20. Element Analysis on Concrete
21. Impact Echo Testing
22. Linear Polarization Testing
23. Load Testing
24. Permeability Testing
25. petrography of concrete
26. Pullout Testing
27. Cut and Pullout Testing (CPO Test)
28. Impulse Response Test
29. Impact Echo Test
30. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
31. Crack Depth Measurement

Reinforcement Location and Corrosion Assessments

1. Reinforcement Location by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
2. Cover Assessment
3. Half Cell Potential Tests
4. Resistivity Tests
5. Corrosion Rate Assessment
6. Carbonation Test

Repair Quality Assessment

1. Bond Test
2. Anchor / Rebar Pull-out Strength
3. Chemical Tests

LIST CALIBRATION TESTING SERVICES AND CALIBRATION TRAINING

DIMENSIONAL CALIBRATION LIST

MECHANICAL CALIBRATION LIST

ELECTRICAL CALIBRATION LIST

ELECTRO TECHNICAl CALIBRATION LIST

FLUID FLOW CALIBRATION LIST

FORCE CALIBRATION LIST

HOSPITAL EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

Acceleration and speed Calibration List

ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIST

LAB EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

MASS CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS LIST

CIVIL NDT and MECHANICAL NDT EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

CONCRETE TESTING EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

DENSITY VISCOSITY CALIBRATION LIST

HOTEL EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

INSTRUMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

NDT EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

OPTICAL Calibration List

PRESSURE and ACOUSTICS CALIBRATION LIST

SIEVE CALIBRATION LIST

Mechanical Tapping Sieve Shakers Calibration List

Vibratory Sieve Shakers Calibration List

Sonic Sifters Calibration List

Screen Shakers Calibration List

Screen Trays Calibration List

Screening Accessories Calibration List

Universal Sample Splitters Calibration List

Screen Shakers Calibration List

Asphalt Mix Design Calibration List

Fresh Concrete Testing Calibration List

Laboratory Ovens Calibration List

Thermometers Calibration List

Labware Calibration List

SOIL TESTING EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

Sound and RPM Calibration List

SURVEYING TESTING EQUIPMENTS CALIBRATION LIST

TEMPERATURE CALIBRATION LIST

TEXTILE EQUIPMENT LIST

THERMAL CALIBRATION LIST

THERMOCOUPLE CALIBRATION LIST

TORQUE CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS LIST

Vacuum Calibration List

VOLUME CALIBRATION INSTRUMENTS LIST

process control instruments calibration list