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SIEVE ANALYSIS
 
 
 
SIEVE ANALYSIS - Grain size analysis (IS : 2720 (Part-IV), 1965)
 
  • Two methods are generally followed for finding the distribution of grain sizes viz., wet sieving, applicable to all soils and dry sieving applicable only for soils which do not have appreciable amount of clay. As, the present site under study does not contain appreciable amounts of clay dry sieving is employed to finding the grain size distribution.
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  • Sieve analysis of soil passing 4.75 mm sieve and retained on 75-micron sieve
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    Sieve Materials
     
  • Analytical Balance, sensitive to 0.001, sieves (2 mm- sieve,425-micron sieve, and 75-micron sieve.
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    Sieve Analysis Testing procedure
     
  • The set of sieves in the above sieve range are arranged and mounted on sieve shaker or shaken manually after placing known amount of soil sample. The cumulative weight of soil fraction retained on each sieve is calculated. The percentage of soil fraction retained on each size is calculated on the basis ofthe weight of the sample passing 4.75-mm sieve taken for the initial analysis. The combined gradation on the basis of the total soil sample taken for analysis is then calculated.
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  • The results ofthe grain size analysis are reported in a suitable tabular form. A grain size distribution curve is drawn on a semi-logarithmic chart, plotting particle size on the log scale against percentage finer than the corresponding size on the ordinary scale.
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    Sieve Test Method: IS: 2720 (P-22)1972
     
  • The objective of this test is to determine the relative proportions of different granular sizes as they pass through a specific sieve size. Thus, the percentage of gravel, clay, silt and sand can be extracted from the sieve analysis test.
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  • The sieve analysis (grain size analysis) is widely used in the classification of soils. The data obtained from grain size distribution curves is used in the design of filters of earth dams and to determine the suitability of the soil for road/highway construction, embankment fill of dam, airport runway/taxiway, etc.
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    SIEVE CALIBRATION
     
     
  • sieve calibration in chennai - Quality control of the sieving process is essential, and for people involved in material processing and particle characterization, sieve calibration can be a confusing topic. It is beneficial to understand what sieve calibration is, why a working sieve should be calibrated, and how to calibrate a sieve.
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    What is Sieve Calibration?
     
  • Sieve calibration is the process of checking a working sieve’s performance. (A working sieve is a test sieve that is used regularly to perform a particle-size analysis.)
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    Why Calibrate a Working Sieve?
     
  • Since working sieves are used daily for tests, they are also cleaned regularly. Although frequent use can cause changes in mesh openings, much of the damage sustained to working sieves occurs during cleaning. Often, the operator hurries to clear the mesh of residual particles by strongly tapping the frame. This tapping can distort the mesh. Operators also use brushes to remove residual particles after a test. This process often distorts sections of the sieve mesh. These alterations of the sieve will change the results obtained in subsequent tests, hence the need for calibration.
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  • Excessive damage, such as tears or large distortions of the mesh weave, can be detected by visual inspection. Damaged sieves can be taken out of service when the damage is observed. When the change is small, visual observation may not detect a variation in the test results attributable to the sieve’s change. A way to determine if changes have occurred is to compare the sieve’s performance against a known standard. This is sieve calibration.
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  • In addition, in operations with tight particle-size specifications, calibration of new test sieves is performed to establish a performance baseline for the sieve.
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    How Is a Test Sieve Calibrated?
     
  • The base point of a sieve calibration process is the use of a fixed standard and there are a number of approaches used. The most common is the use of a master stack of sieves, a master sample, or calibration spheres or beads.
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  • A master stack of sieves includes one of each of the sieves used in the processes. A master stack should consist of mesh-certified sieves. In the event of tight tolerances for the sieve tests, it is recommended that mid-point sieves be used.
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    The following steps are used for this method:
     
  • 1. Prepare two samples of the material selected for the calibration process.
  • 2. Place the master stack of sieves on a sieve shaker.
  • 3. Load one of the samples into the top sieve.
  • 4. Run on a sieve shaker for the predetermined time.
  • 5. Prepare a percent-retained analysis of the result.
  • 6. Place the stack of working sieves (sieves with sizes to match master stack).
  • 7. Repeat steps three through five for the second sample of the material.
  • 8. Compare the results of the two analyses.
  • 9. Check variance from the master stack against acceptable tolerances.
  • 10. Replace the working sieves that are out of tolerance.
  • 11. Some users only calibrate one sieve at a time and compare it to one sieve from the master set. This procedure can be done before putting new working sieves in service.
  • 12. In some processes, master samples are maintained of all material that is subject to sieve testing. The results expected from working sieves were established through the use of a master sieve stack or other calibration techniques. In this method, a sample from the master is used and the following steps are taken:
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  • 1. Place the stack of working sieves to be checked on a sieve shaker.
  • 2. Load the selected sample from the master sample into the top sieve.
  • 3. Run the sieve shaker for the predetermined time.
  • 4. Prepare a percent-retained analysis of the result.
  • 5. Compare the results to acceptable tolerances for the sieves in this stack.
  • 6. Replace the working sieves that are out of tolerance.
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  • The used sample may be returned to the original master sample. Depending on the type of material, deterioration may occur during the sieve test. Where this occurs the test sample is discarded after use.
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  • As with the use of a master stack, some users only calibrate one sieve at a time and compare it to a performance-tolerance chart for that sieve size. This procedure can also be used for new working sieves before putting them into service.
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  • Calibration spheres, in sizes for each of the sieves to be calibrated, are used to determine the actual results obtained by each sieve tested. This method is simple and gives a precise result on the mean aperture size. The result is traceable to NIST and NPL standards. It is a good check for standards reporting and for setting internal standards. The procedure for this calibration is as follows:
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  • 1. Select the sieve to be calibrated.
  • 2. Empty the contents of the bottle containing the appropriate standard onto the sieve.
  • 3. Shake evenly over the surface for one minute.
  • 4. Calculate the percent passing through and read the mean aperture for a calibration graph.
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  • The method specified by ASTM is to optically inspect a sample of the openings, measure the apertures and the wire, and compare the results with the ASTM E11 standard. Traditionally, this has been accomplished visually using a microscope. However, there are new computer-based image-analysis systems that are beginning to have limited use for sieve calibration.
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    CIVIL - NDT TESTING SERVICES
    CIVIL NDT - CONCRETE TESTING SERVICES
    CONCRETE FOR BRIDGES, DAMS, BUILDINGS, SUBWAYS, TUNNELS ETC..
    • 1. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testing
    • 2. Rebound Hammer Testing
    • 3. Rebar Locator
    • 4. Depth of concrete
    • 5. Half Cell Potential Testing
    • 6. Carbonation Testing
    • 7. Pile Integrity Testing
    • 8. Visual Inspection and Field Services
    • 9. In-Situ Compressive Strength (design strength, and existing structures)
    • CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS TESTING EQUIPMENTS:
    • 1. Pile Testing Systems
    • 2. Structural Monitoring Systems
    • 3. Asphalt Testing Systems
    • 4. Pavement Testing
    • 5. Rock and Soil Laboratory Test Systems
    • 6. Non-Destructive Tests for Concrete
    • 7. Geotechnical & Vibration Monitoring Systems
    • 8. Pavement Condition Monitoring
    • 9. Concrete and Cement Lab Systems
    • LAB TESTING - CONCRETE AND CONCRETING MATERIALS
    • Laboratory Tests on Construction Materials as per Standards.
    • 1. Cement
    • 2. Aggregate
    • 3. Bricks
    • 4. Blocks
    • 5. Tension test on rebars
    • 6. Chemical test on Rebars
    • 7. Water Analysis
    • 8. Cube test
    • 9. Accelerated cube test (ACT)
    • 10. Rapid Chloride test (RCPT)
    • 11. Concrete Mix Design
    • 12. Fly ash
    • 13. Slag and Silica fume
    • 14. Self compacting concrete
    • 15. Temperature controlled concrete
    • CIVIL NDT AND CONCRETE - TESTING SERVICES
    • 1. Civil NDT Investigation
    • 2. Concrete Investigation
    • 3. coating Thickness Measurement on Concrete Structures
    • 4. Compressive Strength Testing
    • 5. Concrete Mix Design
    • 6. Bitumen Mix Design
    • 7. Core extraction Testing
    • 8. Core Sampling Testing
    • 9. Concrete Core Testing
    • 10. Concrete Cube Testing
    • 11. Chemical Analysis
    • 12. Electrical Resistivity Testing
    • 13. Ground Penetrating Radar Survey
    • 14. Sieve Analysis
    • 15. Ultrasonic Low Frequency Testing
    • 16. UPV Testing
    • 17. Vibration Analysis of Building
    • 18. Leak Testing
    • 19. CT Scan on Conctete
    • 20. Element Analysis on Concrete
    • 21. Impact Echo Testing
    • 22. Linear Polarization Testing
    • 23. Load Testing
    • 24. Permeability Testing
    • 25. petrography of concrete
    • 26. Pullout Testing
    • 27. Cut and Pullout Testing (CPO Test)
    • 28. Impulse Response Test
    • 29. Impact Echo Test
    • 30. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
    • 31. Crack Depth Measurement
    • Reinforcement Location and Corrosion Assessments
    • 1. Reinforcement Location by Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
    • 2. Cover Assessment
    • 3. Half Cell Potential Tests
    • 4. Resistivity Tests
    • 5. Corrosion Rate Assessment
    • 6. Carbonation Test
    • Repair Quality Assessment
    • 1. Bond Test
    • 2. Anchor / Rebar Pull-out Strength
    • 3. Chemical Tests
    •  
      CIVIL TESTING SERVICES
       
      Part - A Structural Audit Services
       
    • • Visual inspections of individual building / structures from inside and outside and to study present status of different structural members
    • • Study of Architectural / RCC / Structural drawings ( If available )
    • • Photographic Survey
    • • Capturing multiple details including:
    • 1. Load transfer system,
    • 2. Structural framing system,
    • 3. Structural deficiencies,
    • 4. Settlement if any,
    • 5. Cracks in RCC members,
    • 6. Cracks in masonry / plaster
    • 7. Leakages,
    • 8. Loads on structure,
    • 9. Defects in non-structural elements etc.
    • • Identification of broad areas / locations in the structure requiring further detail investigation and for conducting various Non-Destructive Tests
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      Part B – Non Destructive Evaluation
       
    • 1. In addition to visual inspection, the real strength and quality of a concrete structure need to be checked with non-destructive tests.
    • 2. A number of non-destructive tests (NDT) for concrete members are available to determine present strength and quality of concrete
    • 3. To Conduct Non-Destructive tests as required in detail visual inspection
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      Part C – Repair & Rehabilitation Consultancy
       
    • 1. For preparation of detailed report for range of visual inspection & ND tests
    • 2. For Interpretation of ND test results
    • 3. For Diagnosis & Root cause analysis of the problems / observations
    • 4. For preparation of Repair & Rehabilitation scheme to make structure durable, healthy and to stand for a long life
    • 5. For preparation of technical specifications & draft tender document for repair and rehabilitation
    • 6. For preparation of cost estimates for the same
    • 7. For scrutinizing the tender documents
    • 8. For periodic inspection of work
    • 9. For issuing Structural Stability Certification after completion of entire job
    •  
      Soil Testing Services
       
    • CBR In Situ Soil Testing Services
    • CBR Laboratory, Soaked Single Point Soil Testing Services
    • Chloride Content Soil Testing Services
    • Electrical Resistivity Soil Testing Services
    • Linear Shrinkage Soil Testing Services
    • Modified Procter Compaction Test Soil Testing Services
    • Organic Matter Content Soil Testing Services
    • Particle Size Distribution by Hygrometer, Sieve Analysis and Hygrometer Soil Testing Services
    •  
      Concrete Testing Services
       
    • Chloride Content, Permeability and Ponding Concrete Testing
    • Core Compressive Strength Concrete Testing
    • Coring: 10cm and 15cm diameter Concrete Testing
    • Cube Compressive Strength Concrete Testing
    • Depth of Carbonation Concrete Testing
    • Drying Shrinkage/ wetting Expansion Concrete Testing
    • Flexural Strength Concrete Testing
    • Hammer Sounding Concrete Testing
    • Porosity Concrete Testing
    • Rebound Hammer Survey Concrete Testing
    • Sulphate Content Concrete Testing
    • Ultrasonic Survey Concrete Testing
    • Water Absorption and penetration Concrete Testing
    •  
      Bitumen Testing Services
       
    • Bitumen Content Bitumen Testing
    • Bitumen Penetration Bitumen Testing
    • Flash Point Bitumen Testing
    • Specific Gravity Bitumen Testing
    • Softening Point Bitumen Testing
    • Paraffin Wax Bitumen Testing
    • Loss on Heating Bitumen Testing
    • Water Content Bitumen Testing
    • Ductility Test Bitumen Testing
    • Bitumen Emulsion Bitumen Testing
    •  
      Concrete Mix Design services
       
    • Abrasion Resistance Concrete Mix Design services
    • Abrasion Value Concrete Mix Design services
    • Accelerated Cube Strength Concrete Mix Design services
    • Air Content & Alkali Content Concrete Mix Design services
    • Bleeding Test Concrete Mix Design services
    • Block Density Concrete Mix Design services
    • Bridge Load Test Concrete Mix Design services
    • Compressive Strength Concrete Mix Design services
    • Core Cutting Concrete Mix Design services
    • Permeability Test Concrete Mix Design services
    • Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) Concrete Mix Design services
    • Brick Testing Services Concrete Mix Design services
    • Apparent Porosity and Density Concrete Mix Design services
    • Cold Crushing Strength Concrete Mix Design services
    • Permanent Linear Change (PLC) Concrete Mix Design services
    • Abrasion Resistance Concrete Mix Design services
    • Creep Test Concrete Mix Design services
    • Refractoriness under load (RUL) Concrete Mix Design services
    • Modulus of Rapture Concrete Mix Design services
    • Compressive Test Concrete Mix Design services
    • Water Absorption Test Concrete Mix Design services
    •  
      Tiles Testing Services
       
    • Dimension Tiles Testing Services
    • Flexural Strength Tiles Testing Services
    • Surface Quality Tiles Testing Services
    • Breaking Strength Tiles Testing Services
    • Abrasion Resistance Tiles Testing Services
    • Compressive Strength Tiles Testing Services
    • Impact Resistance Tiles Testing Services
    • Thermal Expansion Tiles Testing Services
    • Chemical Resistance Tiles Testing Services
    • Bulk Density Tiles Testing Services
    • Staining Resistance Materials Tiles Testing Services
    •  
      Mortar Testing Services
       
    • In Situ Metallography Mortar Testing Services
    • Reduced Wastage Mortar Testing Services
    • Accurate Content of Cement Mortar Testing Services
    • Consistent Strength and Quality Mortar Testing Services
    • Enhanced Health and Safety on Site Mortar Testing Services
    • Reduced Mixing and Labour Costs Mortar Testing Services
    • Cement Testing Services Mortar Testing Services
    • Chemical Analysis Mortar Testing Services
    • Compressive Strength Mortar Testing Services
    • Fineness Mortar Testing Services
    • Heat Of Hydration Mortar Testing Services
    • Loss On Ignition Mortar Testing Services
    • Physical Analysis Mortar Testing Services
    • Setting Time Mortar Testing Services
    • Soundness Mortar Testing Services
    •  
      ToR Steel Testing Services
       
    • Bend Test ToR Steel Testing Services
    • Chemical Analysis ToR Steel Testing Services
    • Elongation ToR Steel Testing Services
    • Ultimate Tensile Strength ToR Steel Testing Services
    • 0.2% Proof Stress / Yield stress ToR Steel Testing Services
    • Mass per meter Run ToR Steel Testing Services
    • Rebend Test ToR Steel Testing Services
    •  
      Ceramic Testing Services
       
    • Refractories & Allied materials Ceramic Testing Services
    • White Ware which includes Tableware, Tiles, Cookwares and Sanitary Ware Ceramic Testing Services
    • Structural including Bricks, Pipes, and Tiles Ceramic Testing Services
    • Engineering Ceramics Ceramic Testing Services
    •  
       
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      NDT SERVICES LIST
       
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