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Pipeline Pressure Testing Services
 
 

 

  • air leak testing services
  • api spec 6a pr1 testing services
  • api spec 6a pr2 testing services
  • hydraulic pressure testing
  • hydrostatic pressure testing
  • leak testing services
  • pipeline afc pressure testing
  • pipeline pressure testing
  • pneumatic pressure testing
  • pressure testing
  • pressure testing validation
  • water leak testing services
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    HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TESTING SERVICES & TRAINING
     
  • Testing or a Leak Test, provides a method for finding leaks or verifying performance and durability in pressure vessels. Laboratory Testing Inc. routinely performs hydrostatic testing services on tubing, pipe and coils
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  • The hydrostatic pressure test is classified as one of our nondestructive testing techniques, meaning the sample is typically not harmed during the test. The hydro test can be completed with pressure up to 10,000 PSI.
    • HYDROSTATIC TESTING TO MEET YOUR NEEDS
     
  • Twg group equipped to perform hydrostatic testing using either water, oil or air under water. We most often use water as our test medium because it is less expensive than oil and an easier method to set up than air under water. As a result, the test performed in water is the least costly and most economical of the three options for customers.
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    TEST METHODS/SPECIFICATIONS
     
  • ASME SA530
  • ASME SA999
  • ASME SA1016
  • MIL-T-16420K
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    THE HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST PROCESS
     
  • Standard hydrostatic testing procedures entail filling the test vessel with liquid, bleeding out air and then pressurizing the piece. The NDE inspector thoroughly examines the vessel for leaks or permanent changes in shape. The hydro test is performed with a nearly incompressible (compressible only by weight, not air pressure) liquid, usually water or oil, because it will only expand by a very small amount should the test piece fail and not pose a danger to the technician. The hydrostatic pressure test can also be performed with pressurized air, but this leak test is generally carried out with the vessel under water for safety reasons.
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  • The pressure used in hydrostatic pressure testing is always considerably more than the operating pressure to give the customer a margin for safety. Typically the test is performed at 150 percent of the design or working pressure. For example, if a pipe was rated to a working pressure of 2000 PSI, it would be tested at 3000 PSI to ensure reliability.
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    HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST CAPABILITIES:
     
  • Products Tested – tubing, pipe, coils
  • Testing Medium – water, oil, air (under water)
  • Pressure to 10,000 PSI
  • Pressure gauges [1.5 to 4.0 times of test pressure]
  • Water tanks
  • Potable tanks
  • umps for water filling and pressure
  • Pressure gauges and temperature recorder
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    pressure Testing services
     
  • Pipeline Pressure testing
  • hydraulic pressure testing
  • Oil Leak testing
  • Pneumatic Pressure Testing
  • air Leak testing
  • Hydro Static Pressure Testing
  • Oil Leak testing
  • Api spec 6a pr1 Testing
  • Api spec 6a pr2 Testing
    • pipeline pressure testing
     
  • service provider of filtration in all Industrial Oil, Oil Flushing of Hydraulic Pipelines and Chemical Cleaning.
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    Pipeline testing services
     
  • Hydrotesting of pipes, pipelines and vessels is performed to expose defective materials that have missed prior detection, ensure that any remaining defects are insignificant enough to allow operation at design pressures, expose possible leaks and serve as a final validation of the integrity of the constructed system. ASME B31.3 requires this testing to ensure tightness and strength.
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  • Buried high pressure oil and gas pipelines are tested for strength by pressurising them to at least 125% of their maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) at any point along their length. Since many long distance transmission pipelines are designed to have a steel hoop stress of 80% of specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) at Maximum allowable operating pressure MAOP, this means that the steel is stressed to SMYS and above during the testing, and test sections must be selected to ensure that excessive plastic deformation does not occur
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  • For piping built to ASME B31.3, if the design temperature is greater than the test temperature, then the test pressure must be adjusted for the related allowable stress at the design temperature. This is done by multiplying 1.5 MAWP by the ratio of the allowable stress at the test temperature to allowable stress at the design temperature per ASME B31.3 Section 345.4.2 Equation 24. Test pressures need not exceed a value that would produce a stress higher than yield stress at test temperature. ASME B31.3 section 345.4.2 (c)
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  • Other codes require a more onerous approach. BS PD 8010-2 requires testing to 150% of the design pressure – which should not be less than the MAOP plus surge and other incidental effects that will occur during normal operation
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  • Leak testing is performed by balancing changes in the measured pressure in the test section against the theoretical pressure changes calculated from changes in the measured temperature of the test section.
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  • In the aerospace industry, depending on the airline, company or customer, certain codes will need to be followed. For example, Bell Helicopter has a certain specification that will have to be followed for any parts that will be used in their helicopters.
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    pressure Testing Equipment:
     
  • Pressure gauges [1.5 to 4.0 times of test pressure]
  • Water tanks
  • Potable tanks
  • umps for water filling and pressure
  • Pressure gauges and temperature recorder
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    Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) SERVICES & TRAINING
     

     

    Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
     
  • Welding is an essential part of operating and maintaining assets in the petroleum (upstream, midstream, downstream) and chemical processing industries. While it has many useful applications, the welding process can inadvertently weaken equipment by imparting residual stresses into a material, leading to reduced material properties..
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  • In order to ensure the material strength of a part is retained after welding, a process known as Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) is regularly performed. PWHT can be used to reduce residual stresses, as a method of hardness control, or even to enhance material strength.
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  • If PWHT is performed incorrectly, or neglected altogether, residual stresses can combine with load stresses to exceed a material’s design limitations. This can lead to weld failures, higher cracking potential, and increased susceptibility to brittle fracture.
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    PWHT encompasses many different types of potential treatments; two of the most common types are post heating and stress relieving:
     
    Post Heating:
     
  • Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) often occurs when high levels of ambient hydrogen permeate into a material during welding. By heating the material after welding, it is possible to diffuse hydrogen from the welded area, thus preventing HIC. This process is known as post heating and should begin immediately after the weld is completed. Rather than being allowed to cool, the material needs to be heated to a certain temperature depending on the type and thickness of the material. It should be held at this temperature for a number of hours dependent on the thickness of the material.
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    SR - Stress Relieving:
     
  • By the time it’s complete, the welding process can leave a large number of residual stresses in a material, which can lead to an increased potential for stress corrosion and hydrogen induced cracking. PWHT can be used to release these residual stresses and reduce this potential. This process involves heating the material to a specific temperature and then gradually cooling it..
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  • Whether or not a material should undergo PWHT depends on a number of factors, including things like its alloying system or whether it’s been subject to heat treatment previously. Certain materials can actually be damaged by PWHT, while others almost always require it..
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  • In general, the higher the carbon content of a material, the more likely it needs PWHT after welding activities have been conducted. Similarly, the higher the alloy content and cross-sectional thickness, the more likely the material is to need PWHT.
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    Post Weld Heat Treatment services - pwht services
     
  • PWHT of piping Testing services
  • PWHT of Pressure Vessels Testing services
  • Electrical Heating of Structural Steel Testing services
  • Oil and Gas PWHT Testing services
  • Induction Stress Relieving services
  • Stress Relieving Services
  • Stress Relief services
  • Post Weld Heat Treatment services
  • pwht services
  • ISO/TR 14745:2015 Welding — Post-weld heat treatment parameters for steels pwht services
  • EN 12952-5 Stress Relieving boiler standard pwht services
  • Din EN 12952-5 Stress Relieving boiler standard pwht services
  • EN-10297-1 boiler pipe Standard pwht services
  • ASTM A858 / A858M - 19 Standard Specification for Heat-Treated Carbon Steel Fittings for Low-Temperature and Corrosive Service pwht services
  • ISO 4885:2018(en) Ferrous materials — Heat treatments pwht services
  • Oil PipeLine PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Gas PipeLine PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Chemical PipeLine PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Hydraulic PipeLine PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Stream PipeLine PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Cross country pipeline PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Interconnection Pipelines of Reaction Vessels services
  • Pneumatic powder conveying pipeline PWHT Stress Relieving services
  • Pre heating and pre welding services
  • pre welding services
  • Interpass heating during welding
  • Stress relieving services
  • Annealing services
  • post weld heat treatment services
  • post weld heat treatment Oil pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment Gas pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment Chemical pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment Hydraulic pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment Stream pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment Cross country pipeline
  • post weld heat treatment interconnection pipe lines of reaction vessels
  • post weld heat treatment Pneumatic powder conveying pipeline ,etc.(It is done in situ)
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    Sr Stress Relief - Importance
     
  • Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT), or stress relief as it is sometimes known, is a method for reducing and redistributing the residual stresses in the material that have been introduced by welding.
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  • Stress Relieving is the treatment of a metal or alloy by heating to a predetermined temperature below its lower transformation temperature followed by cooling in air. The primary purpose is to relieve stresses that have been absorbed by the metal from processes such as forming, straightening, machining or rolling.
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  • Stress the sources are numerous, but fortunately there are a variety of ways to relieve it. No, I'm not talking about the hectic pace of our personal lives, although it certainly can apply, but instead I'm referring to the fabrication of metals.
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  • Residual stress is an internal stress that is not a result of externally applied loads. If stress buildup in the weldment is excessive, the fatigue life of the metal is reduced.
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  • Cold working, hot rolling, grinding, quenching treatments, welding, and thermal cutting all can induce residual stress into metal. The nature of residual stress, its distribution, and prediction of the level within a metal is a complex and not completely understood phenomenon, but you can be sure it is present.
    •  
  • Welding, in particular, because of the rapid thermal expansion and contraction created along a very localized area, is a prime source of residual stress. A very high heat source is applied to a small area relative to the cooler surrounding area. That point where the arc is directed is rapidly heated from ambient temperature to temperatures that can be in excess of 3000°F. The metal expands as it is brought to a molten state. As the molten weld pool solidifies along the joint, there is resistance to its shrinkage by the already solidified weld metal and the unmelted base metal adjacent to the weld. This resistance creates a tensile strain in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the weld. Distortion is often the result, and if the stress is excessive, buckling, stress corrosion cracking, and shortened fatigue life are possible.
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  • All welds will have some residual stress, and it will never be totally reduced to zero strain. But the level of stress can be very high depending on certain conditions. Heat input, base metal thickness, cooling rate, restraint of the weldment, and welding process play roles in the level of residual stress induced into a weldment.
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  • Stress relief heat treatment is used to reduce the stresses that remain locked in a structure as a consequence of manufacturing processes.
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  • There are many sources of residual stresses, and those due to welding are of a magnitude roughly equal to the yield strength of the base material. Uniformly heating a structure to a sufficiently high temperature, but below the lower transformation temperature range, and then uniformly cooling it, can relax these residual stresses. Carbon steels are typically held at 1,100 to 1,250°F (600 to 675°C) for 1 hour per inch (25 mm) of thickness.
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    Sr - Importance of Stress Relief / Stress relieving offers several benefits.
     
  • For example, when a component with high residual stresses is machined, the material tends to move during the metal removal operation as the stresses are redistributed.
  • After stress relieving, however, greater dimensional stability is maintained during machining, providing for increased dimensional reliability.
  • In addition, the potential for stress corrosion cracking is reduced, and the metallurgical structure can be improved through stress relieving.
  • The steel becomes softer and more ductile through the precipitation of iron carbide at temperatures associated with stress relieving.
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  • Finally, the chances for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) are reduced, although this benefit should not be the only reason for stress relieving.
  • At the elevated temperatures associated with stress relieving, hydrogen often will migrate from the weld metal and the heat affected zone. However, as discussed previously, HIC can be minimized by heating at temperatures lower than stress relieving temperatures, resulting in lower PWHT costs.
    •  
    Sr Stress Relief - Importance
     
  • Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT), or stress relief as it is sometimes known, is a method for reducing and redistributing the residual stresses in the material that have been introduced by welding.
    •  
  • Stress Relieving is the treatment of a metal or alloy by heating to a predetermined temperature below its lower transformation temperature followed by cooling in air. The primary purpose is to relieve stresses that have been absorbed by the metal from processes such as forming, straightening, machining or rolling.
    •  
  • Stress the sources are numerous, but fortunately there are a variety of ways to relieve it. No, I'm not talking about the hectic pace of our personal lives, although it certainly can apply, but instead I'm referring to the fabrication of metals.
    •  
  • Residual stress is an internal stress that is not a result of externally applied loads. If stress buildup in the weldment is excessive, the fatigue life of the metal is reduced.
    •  
  • Cold working, hot rolling, grinding, quenching treatments, welding, and thermal cutting all can induce residual stress into metal. The nature of residual stress, its distribution, and prediction of the level within a metal is a complex and not completely understood phenomenon, but you can be sure it is present.
    •  
  • Welding, in particular, because of the rapid thermal expansion and contraction created along a very localized area, is a prime source of residual stress. A very high heat source is applied to a small area relative to the cooler surrounding area. That point where the arc is directed is rapidly heated from ambient temperature to temperatures that can be in excess of 3000°F. The metal expands as it is brought to a molten state. As the molten weld pool solidifies along the joint, there is resistance to its shrinkage by the already solidified weld metal and the unmelted base metal adjacent to the weld. This resistance creates a tensile strain in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the weld. Distortion is often the result, and if the stress is excessive, buckling, stress corrosion cracking, and shortened fatigue life are possible.
    •  
  • All welds will have some residual stress, and it will never be totally reduced to zero strain. But the level of stress can be very high depending on certain conditions. Heat input, base metal thickness, cooling rate, restraint of the weldment, and welding process play roles in the level of residual stress induced into a weldment.
    •  
  • Stress relief heat treatment is used to reduce the stresses that remain locked in a structure as a consequence of manufacturing processes.
    •  
  • There are many sources of residual stresses, and those due to welding are of a magnitude roughly equal to the yield strength of the base material. Uniformly heating a structure to a sufficiently high temperature, but below the lower transformation temperature range, and then uniformly cooling it, can relax these residual stresses. Carbon steels are typically held at 1,100 to 1,250°F (600 to 675°C) for 1 hour per inch (25 mm) of thickness.
    •  
    Sr - Importance of Stress Relief / Stress relieving offers several benefits.
     
  • For example, when a component with high residual stresses is machined, the material tends to move during the metal removal operation as the stresses are redistributed.
  • After stress relieving, however, greater dimensional stability is maintained during machining, providing for increased dimensional reliability.
  • In addition, the potential for stress corrosion cracking is reduced, and the metallurgical structure can be improved through stress relieving.
  • The steel becomes softer and more ductile through the precipitation of iron carbide at temperatures associated with stress relieving.
    •  
  • Finally, the chances for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) are reduced, although this benefit should not be the only reason for stress relieving.
  • At the elevated temperatures associated with stress relieving, hydrogen often will migrate from the weld metal and the heat affected zone. However, as discussed previously, HIC can be minimized by heating at temperatures lower than stress relieving temperatures, resulting in lower PWHT costs.
    •  
     
    PWHT - SR Stress Relief - Services List
     
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