A total station is an optical surveying instrument that uses electronics to calculate angles and distances. It combines the functions of a theodolite with that of a transit level and electronic distance meter (EDM). It also has an integrated microprocessor, electronic data collector, and storage system that allows measurements to be stored on the device (which can be uploaded to a computer for further processing)
How does a total station measure distance?
Total stations measure distance by using a modulated infrared carrier signal, which is generated by a small solid-state emitter inside the instrument’s optical path. This beam is reflected off a prism or an object that the user wants to survey, while the modulated pattern of the returning signal is read and interpreted by a computer inside the instrument.
How accurate is a total station?
Most total stations can measure distance with an accuracy of about 1.5 millimeters (or 0.0049 feet) plus two parts per million over a distance of up to 1,500 meters (or 4,900 feet). This is much more accurate than a GPS or any type of base station. But like any other instrument, it all depends on how well the user operates it.
What's the difference between a theodolite and a total station?
Theodolites have been around for more than 500 years, so it’s a proven technology that surveyors and engineers have relied on since the ancient times. And while it can be a good way to measure specific points, it’s just a telescope that can move both horizontally and vertically to align with a measuring stake. A total station has the same functionality as a theodolite, except for some other abilities that make it a better mousetrap. It combines the modern theodolite with the functions of an auto level and electronic distance meter. By sending out laser pulses, total stations can record more accurate information over longer distances than a theodolite. And because the data is stored electronically, you can transfer it to a computer for analysis.
If you’re looking for a place where you can find quality total stations that can give you the results you need, be sure to browse through the broad selection we have at Engineering Supply.
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