AN ISO/IEC - 17025 STANDARD - NABL ACCREDITATION LABORATORY / TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION - MECH - CIVIL - ELECTRICAL & IT COURSES / A to Z LABORATORY TESTING SERVICES / INSPECTION SERVICES / ALL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS / MORE THAN 1500 SERVICES ...

Water leakage/seepage Investigation - Building
 
 
 
1. What are the common causes of water leakage?
 
Common causes of water leakage :
 
  • * Leakage in the drainage pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Leakage in the water supply pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Deteriorated waterproofing of floor slabs or bath-tub seals.
  • * Seepage of waste water or rain water through roof / external wall.
  •  
    water seepage Testing methods
     
  • 1. Dye Tracer Test
  • 2. Electrical capacitance Investigation
  • 3. Electrical Resistance Investigation
  • 4. Microwave Leakage Testing
  • 5. Infrared Thermography Testing
  • 6. Pressure Test
  • 7. Humidity Sensors Test
  • 8. Electrical Earth Leakage Test
  • 9. Flood Testing
  • 10. Water Spray Test
  • 11. Acoustic Leak Testing
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE ACCURACY OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • 1. Two common sources of water seepage in buildings are from the external, e.g. rainfall, and from above or the alleged source sites, e.g. domestic use of water.
  • 2. The former is obvious and can readily be identified with certainty. The main difficulty is to identify the source/cause of water seepage coming from above (e.g. from the bathroom immediate above an alleged water seepage site).
  • 3. If the parties are cooperative, there is a good chance that the problem of water seepage can be alleviated by investigating/identifying the sources and carrying out proper repair. In majority of the cases, repeated repair will have to be carried out
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE COMMON METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • Methodology 1: The alleged source site is first subjected to dyed water to simulate the water source(s). Afterwards, measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Typical examples include flooding test, water spray test and dye test. It is generally considered as the most direct means to identify/differentiate different water source(s). However, it is not applicable in majority of the cases due to non-corporation of owners/occupiers of the alleged source site thereby disallowing any flooding test, water spray test or dye test to be carried out from the alleged water seepage site.
  •  
  • Methodology 2: Without simulating the water source(s), measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Source(s) and cause(s) of water seepage are interpreted from the measurement and this requires high level of professional knowledge and expertise.
  •  
  • The commonly used techniques for investigating the causes and/or sources of water seepage.
  •  
    Common methods of investigating water seepage
     
  • 1. Dye test - Through thickness penetration
  • 2. Protimeter measurement - Limit to surface
  • 3. Infrared thermography - From surface to nominal depth
  • 4. Microwave moisture meter - Up to 110 mm or more
  •  
    1. Dye Test
     
  • Dye test is the most commonly used technique, inexpensive and requiring minimal technical skills. It is used by the Joint Office as the routine method for systematic investigation and is recommended as a DIY investigation tool (FEHD and BD). Dye test is carried out by ponding the alleged source site (e.g. flooding the bathroom) with dyed water (“the ponding area”). The result is positive if dye is visible from below. Recently, fluorescent dyes are used thereby signs of water seepage are observed from below by an ultraviolet light in dark condition. Quite often dye is not detected from below in the damp area (“negative results”) even though water originates from the ponding area.
  •  
    2. Protimeter Measurement
     
  • Protimeter is a device commonly used to assess the surface moisture content of a material. Surface moisture content is measured through pushing two needles/electrodes into the material. It enables rapid assessment of surface moisture content. Due to the heterogeneous properties of concrete and unknown properties of finishes on the surface of concrete, readings obtained from a protimeter cannot be taken directly as surface moisture content, unless the readings reflect very high moisture content. As precalibration of surface moisture content of concrete is virtually not possible, readings are taken from both affected areas and non-affected areas (or control points) and the values are compared to estimate the surface moisture content of affected areas
  •  
    3. Infrared thermography
     
  • Infrared thermography is based on the principle that wet and dry building components have different rates of heat gain and retention. This technique is normally applied using a hand-held infrared camera with recording device . Wet zone is identified based on physical characteristics of wet material with slower heat gain and heat loss. It may be able to display water paths, hidden water pipes, etc. that are close to the surface. As temperature differential can be very small (between 0.1C to 0.5C) for identifying a wet area, an uneven surface, e.g. spalling/delamination of finishes, may distort the temperature gradient making the thermographic images unreliable. this is usually the case in an affected area
  •  
    4. Microwave moisture meter
     
  • Microwave moisture meter has gained popularity in measuring the moisture content of a material. It is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the material. Moisture content is estimated from the energy loss due to absorption of water. The device includes a generator and a receiver . It has the disadvantage of requiring a good contact surface for both generator and receiver which may not be possible to achieve in majority of the cases. It is also sensitive to heterogeneous nature of concrete that may cause error in the readings obtained from the measurement. As each measurement is presented as averaged moisture up to a certain depth, accuracy is also adversely affected by the presence of cavities, pipes or reinforcement embedded inside concrete.
  •  
  • Apart from dye test with the advantage of identifying water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage directly, the above are all interpretive testing methods. In some cases, microwave moisture measurement may also provide good indication of the water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage but this largely depends on the quality of the test data
  •  
  • Protimeter and infrared thermography can only identify the presence of moisture near the surface. As moisture measurements are indirectly assessed via electrical resistance and heat, respectively, foreign materials inside concrete may cause similar changes on the measurement to that of water. For instance, presence of salt may affect the reading and thus the accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, the data is used to compare the moisture condition between two different areas of the same material, namely control points not affected by water seepage and the affected areas.
  •  
  • Data obtained from the field works has suggested that there exists no universal method that can provide reliable results to identify the cause(s) of water seepage. Method of investigation has to be determined case by case based on the condition of concrete at the surface and in the interior
  •  
  • As indicated in the above, accuracy depends on the condition of the affected areas and how the tests are performed. Correct interpretation of the test results further relies on an understanding of the underlining principle; limitations; and the pros and cons of applying different methods of investigations. We are of the view that there is in lack of an expertise or a unify approach to select the proper tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results. Obviously, it is very difficult if not impossible task for the parties, who are laymen to the tests, to select the tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results, save and except dye test. A performance-based approach is proposed to handle water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    CONCLUSIONS
     
  • Pursuant to reported cases and relevant provisions in the ordinances, the standard of investigation is to be one with high degree of certainty and the investigation so conducted is able to distinguish all possible causes of water seepage. Common difficulties in resolving water seepage disputes are due to (a) inability to identify the source(s)/cause(s) of water seepage and (b) non-corporation of owners/occupiers of premises alleged of causing water seepage. In respect of (a), it depends on the condition of the affected areas; how the tests are performed; and correct interpretation of the test results. It is necessary to improve and/or develop methods of investigating water seepage. As an alternative approach, it is suggested to identify the source(s) of water seepage from moisture readings obtained from alleged water seepage sites and vibration readings obtained from exposed waste pipes without entering the alleged source sites. Further, it is desirable to shift the method of investigation from an informative approach to a consultative approach with interaction by the party/parties. We need to dedicate tools to match the accuracy/reliability of methods of investigation with the goals of the parties and the goals of the investigation and to provide the parties with opportunities to decide how they would like to proceed. By following a performance-based approach, it is possible to reduce the overall cost and time by not carrying out unnecessary and/or unreliable tests. This may ultimately assist the public to resolve the problem of water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    Water Seepage Investigation List
     
    Water Seepage Problem investigation , Leak & Water Seepage testing in hisar , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection in hisar , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage detection in hisar , Detecting Leakage , water leakage testing in hisar , Seepage testing Source in hisar , Residential Building seepage tesing in hisar , Seepage testing using Fluoride , Seepage on Walls testing in hisar , Dampness on Walls tesing in hisar , Preventing Dampness in hisar , Preventing Dampness Types of Waterproofing Material , Effects of Dampness detection in hisar , Causes of Dampness detection in hisar , Seepage or Dampness on Walls , Seepage Inspections , Leak detection and location in hisar , Leak detection testing in hisar , Leak detection in hisar , Leak detection problem inspection , Water Testing and Leakage inspection , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection In hisar , dampness testing in hisar , seepage testing in hisar , water leakage testing in hisar , leak testing in hisar , Hydrostatic & Diagnostic Pressure Testing and Pipe Leak , Basements Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Escalators Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Electrical rooms Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Electrical Transformers Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , DG sets Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Rain water harvesting system Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Firefighting systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Lobbies Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Rain water harvesting system Plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Corridors Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Parking Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Podium Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Overhead water tanks Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Helipad Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Roads and pathways Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Staircases Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Basement ventilation and exhaust systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Dampness & damages in all common areas Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Painting work Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar , Shafts and ducts which are open for inspection Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in hisar ...
     
    civil ndt and mechanical ndt - non destructive testing in hisar list
     
    civil ndt testing - non-destructive testing in hisar , concrete for bridges testing in hisar , dams civil testing in hisar ,, building civil ndt in hisar , subway civil testing in hisar , tunnel civil ndt in hisar , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in hisar , rebound hammer testing in hisar , rebar locator in hisar , depth of concrete in hisar , half cell potential testing in hisar , carbonation testing in hisar , pile integrity testing in hisar , visual inspection and field in hisar , civil ndt - concrete testing in hisar , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in hisar , rebound hammer testing in hisar , rebar locator in hisar , depth of concrete in hisar , half cell potential testing in hisar , carbonation testing in hisar , pile integrity testing in hisar , visual inspection and field in hisar , in-situ compressive strength testing in hisar , civil design strength in hisar , civil existing structures in hisar , construction materials testing in hisar , pile testing systems in hisar , structural monitoring systems in hisar , asphalt testing systems in hisar , pavement testing in hisar , rock and soil laboratory test systems in hisar , non-destructive tests for concrete in hisar , geotechnical & vibration monitoring systems in hisar , pavement condition monitoring in hisar , concrete and cement lab systems in hisar , civil lab testing concrete and concreting material analysis , civil laboratory testing in hisar , construction material testing in hisar , cement testing in hisar , aggregate testing in hisar , bricks testing in hisar , blocks testing in hisar , tension test on rebars testing in hisar , chemical test on rebars testing in hisar , water analysis in hisar , cube test in hisar , accelerated cube test (act) in hisar , rapid chloride test (rcpt) in hisar , concrete mix design in hisar , fly ash in hisar , slag and silica fume in hisar , self compacting concrete in hisar , temperature controlled concrete in hisar , civil ndt and concrete testing in hisar , civil ndt investigation in hisar , concrete investigation in hisar , coating thickness measurement on concrete structures in hisar , compressive strength testing in hisar , concrete mix design in hisar , bitumen mix design in hisar , core extraction testing in hisar , core sampling testing in hisar , concrete core testing in hisar , concrete cube testing in hisar , chemical analysis in hisar , electrical resistivity testing in hisar , ground penetrating radar survey in hisar , sieve analysis in hisar , ultrasonic low frequency testing in hisar , upv testing in hisar , vibration analysis of building in hisar , leak testing in hisar , ct scan on conctete in hisar , element analysis on concrete in hisar , impact echo testing in hisar , linear polarization testing in hisar , load testing in hisar , permeability testing in hisar , petrography of concrete in hisar , pullout testing in hisar , cut and pullout testing (cpo test) in hisar , impulse response test in hisar , impact echo test in hisar , ground penetrating radar (gpr) in hisar , crack depth measurement in hisar , reinforcement location and corrosion assessments in hisar , reinforcement location by ground penetrating radar (gpr) in hisar , cover assessment in hisar , half cell potential tests in hisar , resistivity tests in hisar , corrosion rate assessment in hisar , carbonation test in hisar , repair quality assessment in hisar , bond test in hisar , anchor rebar pull out strength in hisar , chemical testing in hisar , ultrasonic testing in hisar , radiographic testing in hisar , magnetic particle testing in hisar , penetrant testing in hisar , eddy current testing in hisar , visual testing in hisar , ultrasonic thickness measurement testing in hisar , vibration analysis in hisar , time of flight diffraction (tofd) in hisar , phased array ultrasonic testing (paut) in hisar , ndt testing in hisar , non destructive testing in hisar , ndt in hisar , ultrasonic testing in hisar , magnetic particle testing in hisar , dye penetrant testing in hisar , radiographic testing in hisar , eddy current testing in hisar , vibration analysis in hisar , paut – toft in hisar , ultrasonic thickness gauging testing in hisar , helium leak detection in hisar , rfet / nfet / pect testing in hisar , internal rotary inspection system (iris) in hisar , acoustic pulse reflectometry (apr) in hisar , positive material identification testing in hisar , magnetic flux leakage (mfl) testing in hisar , acoustic emission testing in hisar , flouresent leak detection in hisar , long range ultrasonic testing - lrut in hisar , thermography inspection in hisar , leak testing in hisar , tky joints ultrasonic testing in hisar , aws d1.1 structural steel ultrasonic testing in hisar , ndt capabilities for mechanical and civil in hisar , ultrasonic inspection in hisar , time of flight diffraction (tofd) and phased array ut in hisar , magnetic particle testing in hisar , dye penetrant testing in hisar , radiographic testing in hisar , eddy current testing in hisar , weld ability study in hisar , visual inspection and field in hisar ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    ambala | bhiwani | faridabad | fatehabad | gurgaon | hisar | jhajjar | jind | kaithal | karnal | kurukshetra | mahendragarh | mewat | palwal | panchkula | panipat | rewari | rohtak | sirsa | sonipat | yamunanagar | haryana | aakera | adampur | ambala | ambala cantonment | ambala sadar | asan khurd | assandh | ateli | babiyal | badhi majra | badh malak | badshahpur | baghola | bahadurgarh | barara | barwala | bawal | bawani khera | bayyanpur | beri | bhakali | bhiwani | bhondsi | bhuran | bilaspur | bir ghaghar | boh | buria | chandi mandir | charkhi dadri | cheeka | chhachhrauli | dharuhera | ellenabad | faizabad | farakhpur | faridabad | farrukhnagar | fatehabad | fazalpur | ferozepur jhirka | ganaur | gangwa | garhi harsaru | gharaunda | ghatal mahaniawas | gohana | gurgaon | hailey mandi | hansi | hassan pur | hathin | hisar | hmt pinjore | hodal | indri | ismailabad | jagadhri | jandli | jhajjar | jhakal mandi (jakhal mandi) | jind | julana | kabri | kachrauli | kaithal | kakar majra | kalanaur | kalanwali | kalayat | kalka | kanina | kansepur | kanwla | kardhan | karnal | kharkhoda | kheri nangal | khori kalan | kundli | ladrawan | ladwa | loharu | maham | maheshari | majra | mandi dabwali | manendragarh | manesar | manethi | mayyer | mustafabad | nagal chaudhry (nangal choudhary) | nagina | nanhera | naraingarh | narnaul | narnaund | narwana | nilokheri | nissing | nuh | palwal | palwal rural | panchkula (urban estate) | panipat | panipat taraf ansar | panipat taraf makhdum zadgan | panipat taraf rajputan | pataudi | pehowa | piala | pingwan | pinjore | punahana | pundri | radaur | raipur rani | ram garh | rampura | rania | ratia | rewari | rohtak | sadaura | safidon | saha | salamba | samalkha | sampla | sasauli | satrod kalan | satrod khas | satrod khurd | sector 11 & sector 12 part ii | shahbad (shahabad markanda) | sikanderpur | sirsa | siwani | sohna | sonipat | sunari kalan | taoru | taraori | thanesar | tilpat | tohana | tosham | tundla | uchana | ugra kheri | uklana mandi | uncha siwana | yamunanagar ....
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    ambala | bhiwani | charki dadri | faridabad | fatehabad | gurugram | hisar | jhajjar | jind | kaithal | karnal | kurukshetra | mahendragarh | nuh | palwal | panchkula | panipat | rewari | rohtak | sirsa | sonipat | yamunanagar | bilaspur | chamba | hamirpur | kangra | kinnaur | kullu | lahul and spiti | mandi | shimla | sirmaur | solan | una | anantnag | bandipora | baramulla | budgam | doda | ganderbal | jhisar | kathua | kishtwar | kulgam | kupwara | poonch | pulwama | kasaragod | rajouri | ramban | reasi | samba | shopian | srinagar | udhampur | bokaro | chatra | deoghar | dhanbad | dumka | east singhbum | garhwa | giridih | godda | gumla | hazaribagh | jamtara | khunti | koderma | latehar | lohardaga | pakur | palamu | ramgarh | ranchi | sahebganj | saraikela kharsawan | simdega | west singhbhum | agar malwa | alirajpur | anuppur | ashoknagar | balaghat | barwani | betul | bhind | bhopal | burhanpur | chhatarpur | chhindwara | damoh | datia | dewas | dhar | dindori | east nimar | guna | gwalior | harda | hoshangabad | indore | jabalpur | jhabua | katni | khargone | mandla | mandsaur | morena | narsinghpur | neemuch | niwari | panna | raisen | rajgarh | ratlam | rewa | sagar | satna | sehore | seoni | shahdol | shajapur | sheopur | shivpuri | sidhi | singrauli | tikamgarh | ujjain | umaria | vidisha | ariyalur | chengalpattu | chennai | coimbatore | cuddalore | dharmapuri | dindigul | erode | azamgarh | kallakurichi | kanchipuram | kanniyakumari | karur | krishnagiri | madurai | mayiladuthurai | nagapattinam | namakkal | perambalur | pudukkottai | ramanathapuram | ranipet | salem | sivaganga | tenkasi | thanjavur | theni | the nilgiris | thiruvallur | thiruvarur | tiruchirappalli | tirunelveli | tirupathur | tiruppur | tiruvannamalai | tuticorin | vellore | villupuram | virudhunagar | nicobars | north and middle andaman | south andamans | anantapur | chittoor | east godavari | guntur | krishna | kurnool | prakasam | spsr nellore | srikakulam | visakhapatanam | vizianagaram | west godavari | y.s.r. | anjaw | changlang | dibang valley | east kameng | east siang | kamle | kra daadi | kurung kumey | leparada | lohit | longding | lower dibang valley | lower siang | lower subansiri | namsai | pakke kessang | papum pare | shi yomi | siang | tawang | tirap | upper siang | upper subansiri | west kameng | west siang | baksa | barpeta | biswanath | bongaigaon | cachar | charaideo | chirang | kannur | darrang | dhemaji | dhubri | dibrugarh | dima hasao | goalpara | golaghat | hailakandi | hojai | jorhat | kamrup | kamrup metro | karbi anglong | karimganj | kokrajhar | lakhimpur | majuli | marigaon | nagaon | nalbari | sivasagar | sonitpur | south salmara mancachar | tinsukia | udalguri | west karbi anglong | araria | arwal | aurangabad | banka | begusarai | bhagalpur | bhojpur | buxar | darbhanga | gaya | gopalganj | jamui | jehanabad | kaimur (bhabua) | katihar | khagaria | kishanganj | lakhisarai | madhepura | madhubani | munger | muzaffarpur | nalanda | nawada | pashchim champaran | patna | purbi champaran | purnia | rohtas | saharsa | samastipur | saran | sheikhpura | sheohar | sitamarhi | siwan | supaul | vaishali | chandigarh | balod | baloda bazar | balrampur | bastar | bemetara | bijapur | bilaspur | dantewada | dhamtari | durg | gariyaband | gaurella pendra marwahi | janjgir-champa | jashpur | kabirdham | kanker | kondagaon | korba | korea | mahasamund | mungeli | narayanpur | raigarh | raipur | rajnandgaon | sukma | surajpur | surguja | central delhi | east delhi | new delhi | north delhi | north east delhi | north west delhi | shahdara | south delhi | south east delhi | south west delhi | west delhi | north goa | south goa | ahmadabad | amreli | anand | arvalli | banas kantha | bharuch | bhavnagar | botad | chhotaudepur | dang | devbhumi dwarka | dohad | gandhinagar | gir somnath | jamnagar | junagadh | kachchh | kheda | mahesana | mahisagar | morbi | narmada | navsari | panch mahals | patan | porbandar | rajkot | sabar kantha | surat | surendranagar | tapi | vadodara | valsad | bagalkote | ballari | belagavi | bengaluru rural | bengaluru urban | bidar | chamarajanagara | chikkaballapura | chikkamagaluru | chitradurga | dakshina kannada | davangere | dharwad | gadag | hassan | haveri | kalaburagi | kodagu | kolar | koppal | mandya | mysuru | raichur | ramanagara | shivamogga | tumakuru | udupi | uttara kannada | vijayapura | yadgir | alappuzha | ernakulam | idukki | kollam | kottayam | kozhikode | malappuram | palakkad | pathanamthitta | thiruvananthapuram | thrissur | wayanad | kargil | leh ladakh | lakshadweep district | ahmednagar | akola | amravati | aurangabad | beed | bhandara | buldhana | chandrapur | dhule | gadchiroli | gondia | hingoli | jalgaon | jalna | kolhapur | latur | mumbai | mumbai suburban | nagpur | nanded | nandurbar | nashik | osmanabad | palghar | parbhani | pune | raigad | ratnagiri | sangli | satara | sindhudurg | solapur | thane | wardha | washim | yavatmal | bishnupur | chandel | churachandpur | imphal east | imphal west | jiribam | kakching | kamjong | kangpokpi | noney | pherzawl | senapati | tamenglong | tengnoupal | thoubal | ukhrul | east garo hills | east jaintia hills | east khasi hills | north garo hills | ri bhoi | south garo hills | south west garo hills | south west khasi hills | west garo hills | west jaintia hills | west khasi hills | aizawl | gurdaspur | champhai | hnahthial | khawzawl | kolasib | lawngtlai | lunglei | mamit | saiha | saitual | serchhip | dimapur | kiphire | kohima | longleng | mokokchung | mon | noklak | peren | phek | tuensang | wokha | zunheboto | anugul | balangir | baleshwar | bargarh | bhadrak | boudh | cuttack | deogarh | dhenkanal | gajapati | ganjam | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jharsuguda | kalahandi | kandhamal | kendrapara | kendujhar | khordha | koraput | malkangiri | mayurbhanj | nabarangpur | nayagarh | nuapada | puri | rayagada | sambalpur | sonepur | sundargarh | karaikal | mahe | pondicherry | yanam | amritsar | barnala | bathinda | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozepur | hoshiarpur | jalandhar | kapurthala | ludhiana | mansa | moga | pathankot | patiala | rupnagar | sangrur | s.a.s nagar | shahid bhagat singh nagar | sri muktsar sahib | tarn taran | ajmer | alwar | banswara | baran | barmer | bharatpur | bhilwara | bikaner | bundi | chittorgarh | churu | dausa | dholpur | dungarpur | ganganagar | hanumangarh | jaipur | jaisalmer | jalore | jhalawar | jhunjhunu | jodhpur | karauli | kota | nagaur | pali | pratapgarh | rajsamand | sawai madhopur | sikar | sirohi | tonk | udaipur | east district | north district | south district | west district | adilabad | bhadradri kothagudem | hyderabad | jagitial | jangoan | jayashankar bhupalapally | jogulamba gadwal | kamareddy | karimnagar | khammam | kumuram bheem asifabad | mahabubabad | mahabubnagar | mancherial | medak | medchal malkajgiri | baghpat | mulugu | nagarkurnool | nalgonda | narayanpet | nirmal | nizamabad | peddapalli | rajanna sircilla | ranga reddy | sangareddy | siddipet | suryapet | vikarabad | wanaparthy | warangal rural | warangal urban | yadadri bhuvanagiri | dadra and nagar haveli | daman | diu | dhalai | gomati | khowai | north tripura | sepahijala | south tripura | unakoti | west tripura | almora | bageshwar | chamoli | champawat | dehradun | haridwar | nainital | pauri garhwal | pithoragarh | rudra prayag | tehri garhwal | udam singh nagar | uttar kashi | agra | aligarh | ambedkar nagar | amethi | amroha | auraiya | ayodhya | bahraich | ballia | balrampur | banda | barabanki | bareilly | basti | bhadohi | bijnor | budaun | bulandshahr | chandauli | chitrakoot | deoria | etah | etawah | farrukhabad | fatehpur | firozabad | gautam buddha nagar | ghaziabad | ghazipur | gonda | gorakhpur | hamirpur | hapur | hardoi | hathras | jalaun | jaunpur | jhansi | kannauj | kanpur dehat | kanpur nagar | kasganj | kaushambi | kheri | kushi nagar | lalitpur | lucknow | maharajganj | mahoba | mainpuri | mathura | mau | meerut | mirzapur | moradabad | muzaffarnagar | pilibhit | pratapgarh | prayagraj | rae bareli | rampur | saharanpur | sambhal | sant kabeer nagar | shahjahanpur | shamli | shravasti | siddharth nagar | sitapur | sonbhadra | sultanpur | unnao | varanasi | 24 paraganas north | 24 paraganas south | alipurduar | bankura | birbhum | coochbehar | darjeeling | dinajpur dakshin | dinajpur uttar | hooghly | howrah | jalpaiguri | jhargram | kalimpong | kolkata | maldah | medinipur east | medinipur west | murshidabad | nadia | paschim bardhaman | purba bardhaman | purulia ...
     
    list of our services following states
     
    andaman and nicobar islands | andhra pradesh | arunachal pradesh | assam | bihar | chandigarh | chhattisgarh | delhi | goa | gujarat | haryana | himachal pradesh | jhisar and kashmir | jharkhand | karnataka | kerala | ladakh | lakshadweep | madhya pradesh | maharashtra | manipur | meghalaya | mizoram | nagaland | odisha | puducherry | punjab | rajasthan | sikkim | tamil nadu | telangana | the dadra and nagar haveli and daman and diu | tripura | uttarakhand | uttar pradesh | west bengal ...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alipur | chanakya puri | civil lines | defence colony | delhi cantonment | dwarka | gandhi nagar | hauz khas | kalkaji | kanjhawala | kapeshera | karawal nagar | karol bagh | kotwali | mayur vihar | mehrauli | model town | najafgarh | narela | patel nagar | preet vihar | punjabi bagh | rajouri garden | rohini | saket | saraswati vihar | sarita vihar | seelam pur | seema puri | shahdara | vasant vihar | vivek vihar | yamuna vihar | adampur | alewa | ambala | ambala cantonment | assandh | ateli | babain st | badhra | badkhal | badli | badshahpur st | bahadurgarh | bahal st | bahin st | ballabgarh | ballah st | balsamand st | bapoli | barara | barwala | barwala st | bass | bawal | bawani khera | beri | bhattukalan st | bhiwani | bhuna st | bilaspur | bondkalan st | chhachhrauli | dabwali | dadri | dahina st | dayalpur st | dhand st | dharuhera st | dhauj st | ellenabad | faridabad | farrukhnagar | fatehabad | fatehpur pundri | ferozepur jhirka | ganaur | gaunchi st | gharaunda | gohana | goriwala st | guhla | gurgaon | hansi | harsaru st | hassanpur st | hathin | hisar | hodal | indri | ismailabad st | israna | jagadhri | jakhal st | jhajjar | jind | julana | kadipur st | kaithal | kalanaur | kalanwali | kalayat | kalka | kanina | karnal | khanpur st | kharkhoda | kheri jalab st | khizrabad st | kosli | kulan st | ladwa | lakhan majra st | loharu | maham | mahendragarh | manesar | manethi st | matenhail | matlauda | mohna st | morni st | mulana st | nagina st | nahar st | nangal chawdhary | naraingarh | narnaul | narnaund | narwana | nathusari chopta | nigdu st | nilokheri | nising st | nuh | palhawas st | palwal | panchkula | panipat | pataudi | pehowa | pillukhera st | punahana | radaur | raipur rani | rai st | rajaund st | rania | ratia | rewari | rohtak | sadhaura st | safidon | saha st | salhawas st | samalkha | sampla | saraswati nagar st | satnali st | shahbad | shahzadpur st | sirsa | siwani | siwan st | sohna | sonipat | taoru | thanesar | tigaon st | tohana | tosham | uchana | uklana st | wazirabad st | abohar | ahmedgarh | ajnala | amloh | amritsar -i | amritsar- ii | anandpur sahib | baba bakala | bagha purana | balachaur | banga | barnala | bassi pathana | batala | bathinda | bhawanigarh | bhikhiwind | bhulath | budhlada | chamkaur sahib | dasua | dera baba nanak | dera bassi | dharamkot | dhar kalan | dhuri | dinanagar | dirba | dudhan sadhan | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozpur | garhshankar | gidderbaha | gurdaspur | guruharsahai | hoshiarpur | jagraon | jaitu | jalalabad | jalandhar - i | jalandhar - ii | kalanaur | kapurthala | khadur sahib | khamanon | khanna | kharar | kotakpura | lehra | ludhiana (east) | ludhiana (west) | majitha | malerkotla | malout | mamdot | mansa | maur | moga | moonak | morinda | mukerian | muktsar | nabha | nakodar | nangal | nawanshahr | nihal singhwala | pathankot | patiala | patran | patti | payal | phagwara | phillaur | raikot | rajpura | rampura phul | rup nagar | samana | samrala | sangrur | sardulgarh | sas nagar (mohali) | shahkot | sultanpur lodhi | sunam | talwandi sabo | tapa | tarn taran | zira...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alampur amb | ani | arki | aut | baddi | bagachnogi | baijnath | baldwara | balh | bali chowki | bangana | banjar | baroh | barsar | bhadrota | bhalai | bharari | bharmour | bharwain | bhattiyat | bhawarna | bhoranj | bhota | bhuntar | bilaspur sadar | birhu kalan | chachyot | chadiyar | chamba | chaupal | chhatri | chirgaon | churah | dadahu | dadasiba | dalhousie | dareeni | darlaghat | deha | dehar | dera gopipur | dhami | dharmpur | dharmsala | dharwala | dhatwal | dhira | dodra kwar | dulahar | fatehpur | gagret | galore | gangath | ghanari | ghumarwin | hamirpur | hangrang | harchakian | haripur | haripurdhar | haroli | holi | indora | ispur | jaisinghpur | jalog | jangla | jaswan | jawalamukhi | jawali | jhanduta | jogindarnagar | jol | jubbal | junga | kakira | kalol | kalpa | kamrau | kandaghat | kangoo | kangra | karsog | kasauli | katoula | khundian | kotgarh | kotkhai | kotla | kotli | krishangarh | kullu | kumarsain | kunihar | kupvi | lad bharol | lagru | lahul | majheen | makridi | mamlig | manali | mandap | mandi | mehatpur | morang | multhan | nadaun | nagrota bagwan | nagrota surian | nahan | naina devi | nalagarh | namhol | nankhari | narag | nerwa | nichar | nihri | nirmand | nither | nohra | nurpur | pachhad | padhar | pajhota | palampur | panchrukhi | pangi | pangna | panjehra | paonta sahib | poo | pragpur | pukhri | rajgarh | rakkar | rampur | ramshahr | renuka | rewalsar | rohru | ronhat | sainj | saluni | sandhol | sangla | sarahan | sarawati nagar | sarkaghat | shahpur | shalai | shimla ( rural ) | shimla (urban) | sihunta | solan | spiti | sulah | sundarnagar | sunni | taklech | tapri | tauni devi bamson | theog | thunag | thural | tihra | tikar | tikken | tira sujanpur | udaipur | una | ajas | akhnoor | aloosa | anantnag | anantnag east | aripal | arnas | arnia | assar | atholi (paddar) | awantipora | bahu | balakote | bandipora | bani | banihal | baramulla | barbugh | bari brahamana | basantgarh | basohli | batote | beerwah | beri pattan | bhaderwah | bhagwah | bhalessa | bhalla | bhalwal | bharath bagla | bhomag | bijbehara | billawar | bishnah | bk pora | boniyar | bounjwah | budgam | chadoora | channapora | charar- e- shrief | chassana | chenani | chhatroo | chilly pingal | chiralla | chitragam | chowki choura | dachhan | dangarpora | danghiwacha | dansal | darhal | devsar | d h pora | dinga amb | doda | dooru | drabshalla | drugmulla | eidgah | frisal | ganderbal | ghagwal | gool | gund | gundna | gurez | hajin | handwara | haveli | hermain | hiranagar | jhisar | jhisar north | jhisar south | jhisar west | jourian | kahara | kakapora | kalakote | kangan | karnah | kashtigarh | kathua | katra | kawarhama | keegam | keller | keran | khag | khansahib | khanyar | kharah balli | khari | khawas | khoie | khour | kishtwar | kokernag | koteranka | kralpora | kreeri | kulgam | kunzar | kupwara | lalpora | langate | lar | larnoo | laroka | latti | lohai malhar | lolab | machail | machil | magam | mahanpur | mahore | maira mandrian | majalta | mandal | mandi | manjakote | mankote | marh | marheen | marmat | marwah | mendhar | mohalla | moungri | mughalmaidan | nagri | nagrota | nagseni | narbal | nowshera | pahalgam | pahloo | pampore | panchari | panthachowk | pargwal | pattan | phigsoo | pogal paristan | pouni | pulwama | qaimoh | qaziabad | qazigund | qila darhal | rafiabad | rajgarh | rajouri | rajpora | rajpura | ramban | ramgarh | ramhal | ramkote | ramnagar | ranbir singh pura | reasi | sallar | samba | shahbad bala | shahoora | shangus | shopian | siot | sonawari | sopore | srigufwara | srinagar central | srinagar (north) | srinagar (south) | suchetgarh | sundarbani | surankote | tangmarg | taryath | thakrakote | thana mandi | thathri | thuroo | tral | trehgam | tulail | tullamulla khirbhawani | udhampur | uri | vijaypur | wagoora | wakoora | warwan | watergam | yaripora | zachaldara | zainapora | zaingeer | 277 chandigarh | adibadri | almora | bageshwar | bagwalipokhar | bajpur | balganga | bangapani | barakot | barnigad | basukedar | berinag | betalghat | bhagwanpur | bhanoli | bhatwari | bhikiasain | bironkhal | chakisain | chakrata | chamoli | champawat | chaubatta khal | chaukhutiya | chinyali saur | dehradun | devalthal | devprayag | dewal | dhanaulti | dharchula | dhari | dhaulchhina | dhauntari | dhoomakot | dhyari | didihat | doiwala | dugnakuri | dunda | dwarahat | gadarpur | gairsain | gaja | ganai gangoli | gangolihat | garud | ghaat | ghansali | haldwani | hardwar | jainti | jakhani dhar | jakhanikhal | jakholi | jalali | jaspur | jilasu | joshimath | joshiyara | kafligair | kaladhungi | kalsi | kanalichhina | kanda | kandisaur | kapkot | karnaprayag | kashipur | khatima | kichha | kirtinagar | kosya kutauli | kotdwara | laksar | laldhang | lalkuan | lamgada | lansdowne | lohaghat | machhor | madannegi | manch | mori | munsiari | nainbag | nainital | nanakmatta | nandprayag | narayanbagar | narendra nagar | narsan | okhalkanda | pankhu | pati | pauri | pawkidevi | pithoragarh | pokhari | poornagiri | pratapnagar | pulla gumdesh | puraula | rajgarhi | ramgarh | ramnagar | ranikhet | rikhanikhal | rishikesh | roorkee | rudraprayag | rudrapur | sankari | satpuli | shama | sitarganj | someshwar | srinagar | sult | syalde | tehri | tejam | thailisain | thal | tharali | tyuni | ukhimath | vikas nagar | yamkeshwar | drass | kargil | khalsi | leh | nubra | sanku | shaker chiktan | zanskar...