AN ISO/IEC - 17025 STANDARD - NABL ACCREDITATION LABORATORY / TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION - MECH - CIVIL - ELECTRICAL & IT COURSES / A to Z LABORATORY TESTING SERVICES / INSPECTION SERVICES / ALL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS / MORE THAN 1500 SERVICES ...

Water leakage/seepage Investigation - Building
 
 
 
1. What are the common causes of water leakage?
 
Common causes of water leakage :
 
  • * Leakage in the drainage pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Leakage in the water supply pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Deteriorated waterproofing of floor slabs or bath-tub seals.
  • * Seepage of waste water or rain water through roof / external wall.
  •  
    water seepage Testing methods
     
  • 1. Dye Tracer Test
  • 2. Electrical capacitance Investigation
  • 3. Electrical Resistance Investigation
  • 4. Microwave Leakage Testing
  • 5. Infrared Thermography Testing
  • 6. Pressure Test
  • 7. Humidity Sensors Test
  • 8. Electrical Earth Leakage Test
  • 9. Flood Testing
  • 10. Water Spray Test
  • 11. Acoustic Leak Testing
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE ACCURACY OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • 1. Two common sources of water seepage in buildings are from the external, e.g. rainfall, and from above or the alleged source sites, e.g. domestic use of water.
  • 2. The former is obvious and can readily be identified with certainty. The main difficulty is to identify the source/cause of water seepage coming from above (e.g. from the bathroom immediate above an alleged water seepage site).
  • 3. If the parties are cooperative, there is a good chance that the problem of water seepage can be alleviated by investigating/identifying the sources and carrying out proper repair. In majority of the cases, repeated repair will have to be carried out
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE COMMON METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • Methodology 1: The alleged source site is first subjected to dyed water to simulate the water source(s). Afterwards, measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Typical examples include flooding test, water spray test and dye test. It is generally considered as the most direct means to identify/differentiate different water source(s). However, it is not applicable in majority of the cases due to non-corporation of owners/occupiers of the alleged source site thereby disallowing any flooding test, water spray test or dye test to be carried out from the alleged water seepage site.
  •  
  • Methodology 2: Without simulating the water source(s), measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Source(s) and cause(s) of water seepage are interpreted from the measurement and this requires high level of professional knowledge and expertise.
  •  
  • The commonly used techniques for investigating the causes and/or sources of water seepage.
  •  
    Common methods of investigating water seepage
     
  • 1. Dye test - Through thickness penetration
  • 2. Protimeter measurement - Limit to surface
  • 3. Infrared thermography - From surface to nominal depth
  • 4. Microwave moisture meter - Up to 110 mm or more
  •  
    1. Dye Test
     
  • Dye test is the most commonly used technique, inexpensive and requiring minimal technical skills. It is used by the Joint Office as the routine method for systematic investigation and is recommended as a DIY investigation tool (FEHD and BD). Dye test is carried out by ponding the alleged source site (e.g. flooding the bathroom) with dyed water (“the ponding area”). The result is positive if dye is visible from below. Recently, fluorescent dyes are used thereby signs of water seepage are observed from below by an ultraviolet light in dark condition. Quite often dye is not detected from below in the damp area (“negative results”) even though water originates from the ponding area.
  •  
    2. Protimeter Measurement
     
  • Protimeter is a device commonly used to assess the surface moisture content of a material. Surface moisture content is measured through pushing two needles/electrodes into the material. It enables rapid assessment of surface moisture content. Due to the heterogeneous properties of concrete and unknown properties of finishes on the surface of concrete, readings obtained from a protimeter cannot be taken directly as surface moisture content, unless the readings reflect very high moisture content. As precalibration of surface moisture content of concrete is virtually not possible, readings are taken from both affected areas and non-affected areas (or control points) and the values are compared to estimate the surface moisture content of affected areas
  •  
    3. Infrared thermography
     
  • Infrared thermography is based on the principle that wet and dry building components have different rates of heat gain and retention. This technique is normally applied using a hand-held infrared camera with recording device . Wet zone is identified based on physical characteristics of wet material with slower heat gain and heat loss. It may be able to display water paths, hidden water pipes, etc. that are close to the surface. As temperature differential can be very small (between 0.1C to 0.5C) for identifying a wet area, an uneven surface, e.g. spalling/delamination of finishes, may distort the temperature gradient making the thermographic images unreliable. this is usually the case in an affected area
  •  
    4. Microwave moisture meter
     
  • Microwave moisture meter has gained popularity in measuring the moisture content of a material. It is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the material. Moisture content is estimated from the energy loss due to absorption of water. The device includes a generator and a receiver . It has the disadvantage of requiring a good contact surface for both generator and receiver which may not be possible to achieve in majority of the cases. It is also sensitive to heterogeneous nature of concrete that may cause error in the readings obtained from the measurement. As each measurement is presented as averaged moisture up to a certain depth, accuracy is also adversely affected by the presence of cavities, pipes or reinforcement embedded inside concrete.
  •  
  • Apart from dye test with the advantage of identifying water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage directly, the above are all interpretive testing methods. In some cases, microwave moisture measurement may also provide good indication of the water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage but this largely depends on the quality of the test data
  •  
  • Protimeter and infrared thermography can only identify the presence of moisture near the surface. As moisture measurements are indirectly assessed via electrical resistance and heat, respectively, foreign materials inside concrete may cause similar changes on the measurement to that of water. For instance, presence of salt may affect the reading and thus the accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, the data is used to compare the moisture condition between two different areas of the same material, namely control points not affected by water seepage and the affected areas.
  •  
  • Data obtained from the field works has suggested that there exists no universal method that can provide reliable results to identify the cause(s) of water seepage. Method of investigation has to be determined case by case based on the condition of concrete at the surface and in the interior
  •  
  • As indicated in the above, accuracy depends on the condition of the affected areas and how the tests are performed. Correct interpretation of the test results further relies on an understanding of the underlining principle; limitations; and the pros and cons of applying different methods of investigations. We are of the view that there is in lack of an expertise or a unify approach to select the proper tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results. Obviously, it is very difficult if not impossible task for the parties, who are laymen to the tests, to select the tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results, save and except dye test. A performance-based approach is proposed to handle water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    CONCLUSIONS
     
  • Pursuant to reported cases and relevant provisions in the ordinances, the standard of investigation is to be one with high degree of certainty and the investigation so conducted is able to distinguish all possible causes of water seepage. Common difficulties in resolving water seepage disputes are due to (a) inability to identify the source(s)/cause(s) of water seepage and (b) non-corporation of owners/occupiers of premises alleged of causing water seepage. In respect of (a), it depends on the condition of the affected areas; how the tests are performed; and correct interpretation of the test results. It is necessary to improve and/or develop methods of investigating water seepage. As an alternative approach, it is suggested to identify the source(s) of water seepage from moisture readings obtained from alleged water seepage sites and vibration readings obtained from exposed waste pipes without entering the alleged source sites. Further, it is desirable to shift the method of investigation from an informative approach to a consultative approach with interaction by the party/parties. We need to dedicate tools to match the accuracy/reliability of methods of investigation with the goals of the parties and the goals of the investigation and to provide the parties with opportunities to decide how they would like to proceed. By following a performance-based approach, it is possible to reduce the overall cost and time by not carrying out unnecessary and/or unreliable tests. This may ultimately assist the public to resolve the problem of water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    Water Seepage Investigation List
     
    Water Seepage Problem investigation , Leak & Water Seepage testing in balasore , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection in balasore , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage detection in balasore , Detecting Leakage , water leakage testing in balasore , Seepage testing Source in balasore , Residential Building seepage tesing in balasore , Seepage testing using Fluoride , Seepage on Walls testing in balasore , Dampness on Walls tesing in balasore , Preventing Dampness in balasore , Preventing Dampness Types of Waterproofing Material , Effects of Dampness detection in balasore , Causes of Dampness detection in balasore , Seepage or Dampness on Walls , Seepage Inspections , Leak detection and location in balasore , Leak detection testing in balasore , Leak detection in balasore , Leak detection problem inspection , Water Testing and Leakage inspection , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection In balasore , dampness testing in balasore , seepage testing in balasore , water leakage testing in balasore , leak testing in balasore , Hydrostatic & Diagnostic Pressure Testing and Pipe Leak , Basements Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Escalators Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Electrical rooms Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Electrical Transformers Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , DG sets Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Rain water harvesting system Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Firefighting systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Lobbies Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Rain water harvesting system Plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Corridors Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Parking Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Podium Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Overhead water tanks Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Helipad Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Roads and pathways Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Staircases Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Basement ventilation and exhaust systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Dampness & damages in all common areas Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Painting work Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore , Shafts and ducts which are open for inspection Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in balasore ...
     
    civil ndt and mechanical ndt - non destructive testing in balasore list
     
    civil ndt testing - non-destructive testing in balasore , concrete for bridges testing in balasore , dams civil testing in balasore ,, building civil ndt in balasore , subway civil testing in balasore , tunnel civil ndt in balasore , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in balasore , rebound hammer testing in balasore , rebar locator in balasore , depth of concrete in balasore , half cell potential testing in balasore , carbonation testing in balasore , pile integrity testing in balasore , visual inspection and field in balasore , civil ndt - concrete testing in balasore , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in balasore , rebound hammer testing in balasore , rebar locator in balasore , depth of concrete in balasore , half cell potential testing in balasore , carbonation testing in balasore , pile integrity testing in balasore , visual inspection and field in balasore , in-situ compressive strength testing in balasore , civil design strength in balasore , civil existing structures in balasore , construction materials testing in balasore , pile testing systems in balasore , structural monitoring systems in balasore , asphalt testing systems in balasore , pavement testing in balasore , rock and soil laboratory test systems in balasore , non-destructive tests for concrete in balasore , geotechnical & vibration monitoring systems in balasore , pavement condition monitoring in balasore , concrete and cement lab systems in balasore , civil lab testing concrete and concreting material analysis , civil laboratory testing in balasore , construction material testing in balasore , cement testing in balasore , aggregate testing in balasore , bricks testing in balasore , blocks testing in balasore , tension test on rebars testing in balasore , chemical test on rebars testing in balasore , water analysis in balasore , cube test in balasore , accelerated cube test (act) in balasore , rapid chloride test (rcpt) in balasore , concrete mix design in balasore , fly ash in balasore , slag and silica fume in balasore , self compacting concrete in balasore , temperature controlled concrete in balasore , civil ndt and concrete testing in balasore , civil ndt investigation in balasore , concrete investigation in balasore , coating thickness measurement on concrete structures in balasore , compressive strength testing in balasore , concrete mix design in balasore , bitumen mix design in balasore , core extraction testing in balasore , core sampling testing in balasore , concrete core testing in balasore , concrete cube testing in balasore , chemical analysis in balasore , electrical resistivity testing in balasore , ground penetrating radar survey in balasore , sieve analysis in balasore , ultrasonic low frequency testing in balasore , upv testing in balasore , vibration analysis of building in balasore , leak testing in balasore , ct scan on conctete in balasore , element analysis on concrete in balasore , impact echo testing in balasore , linear polarization testing in balasore , load testing in balasore , permeability testing in balasore , petrography of concrete in balasore , pullout testing in balasore , cut and pullout testing (cpo test) in balasore , impulse response test in balasore , impact echo test in balasore , ground penetrating radar (gpr) in balasore , crack depth measurement in balasore , reinforcement location and corrosion assessments in balasore , reinforcement location by ground penetrating radar (gpr) in balasore , cover assessment in balasore , half cell potential tests in balasore , resistivity tests in balasore , corrosion rate assessment in balasore , carbonation test in balasore , repair quality assessment in balasore , bond test in balasore , anchor rebar pull out strength in balasore , chemical testing in balasore , ultrasonic testing in balasore , radiographic testing in balasore , magnetic particle testing in balasore , penetrant testing in balasore , eddy current testing in balasore , visual testing in balasore , ultrasonic thickness measurement testing in balasore , vibration analysis in balasore , time of flight diffraction (tofd) in balasore , phased array ultrasonic testing (paut) in balasore , ndt testing in balasore , non destructive testing in balasore , ndt in balasore , ultrasonic testing in balasore , magnetic particle testing in balasore , dye penetrant testing in balasore , radiographic testing in balasore , eddy current testing in balasore , vibration analysis in balasore , paut – toft in balasore , ultrasonic thickness gauging testing in balasore , helium leak detection in balasore , rfet / nfet / pect testing in balasore , internal rotary inspection system (iris) in balasore , acoustic pulse reflectometry (apr) in balasore , positive material identification testing in balasore , magnetic flux leakage (mfl) testing in balasore , acoustic emission testing in balasore , flouresent leak detection in balasore , long range ultrasonic testing - lrut in balasore , thermography inspection in balasore , leak testing in balasore , tky joints ultrasonic testing in balasore , aws d1.1 structural steel ultrasonic testing in balasore , ndt capabilities for mechanical and civil in balasore , ultrasonic inspection in balasore , time of flight diffraction (tofd) and phased array ut in balasore , magnetic particle testing in balasore , dye penetrant testing in balasore , radiographic testing in balasore , eddy current testing in balasore , weld ability study in balasore , visual inspection and field in balasore ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    anugul (angul) | balangir | baleshwar (balasore) | bargarh | baudh (boudh) | bhadrak | cuttack | debagarh | dhenkanal | gajapati | ganjam | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jharsuguda | kalahandi | kandhamal | kendrapara | kendujhar | khordha | koraput | malkangiri | mayurbhanj | nabarangapur (nabarangpur) | nayagarh | nuapada | puri | rayagada | sambalpur | subarnapur | sundargarh (sundergarh) | odisha (orissa) | agastinuagan | anandpur | anjira | anugul (angul) | arjyapalli | asika | athagad | athmallik | badagada | badakodanda | badamba (nizigarh) | badmal | balagoda (bolani) | balangir | baleshwar (balasore) | baliguda | balimela | balipatapur | balugaon | banaigarh | banapur | bandhbahal | bangomunda | banki | barapali | barbil | bardol | bargarh | baripada | basudebpur | baudhgarh (boudh) | belagachhia | bellaguntha (belaguntha) | belpahar | bhabinipur | bhadrak | bhakarsahi | bhanjanagar | bhapur | bhatli | bhawanipatna | bhuban | bhubaneswar | bijepur | binika | biramitrapur | birapratappur | bishamakatak (bissam cuttack) | borigam | boriguma (borigumma) | brahmabarada | brahmapur (berhampur) | brajarajnagar | budhapanka | buguda | bundia | burla | byasanagar | champua | chandapur | chandili | charibatia | chhatrapur | chikiti | chitrakonda | choudwar | cuttack | dadhapatna | daitari | damanjodi | danara | daringbadi | debagarh | dera colliery township | dhamanagar | dhenkanal | digapahandi | dungamal | erei | fertilizer corporation of india township (f.c.i. township) | ganjam | ghantapada | godiputamatiapara | golabandha | gopalpur | gotamara | gudari | g. udayagiri | gunupur | hatibandha | hinjilicut | hirakud | indipur | itamati | jagatsinghapur (jagatsinghpur) | jajanga | jajapur (jajpur) | jalda | jaleshwar (jaleswar) | jashipur | jatani | jeypur (jeypore) | jharsuguda | jhumpura | joda | jorada (bada) | junagarh | kabatabandha | kabisurjyanagar (kabisuryanagar) | kaipadar | kalarangiata | kaliapani | kalyanasingpur | kamakshyanagar | kandasar | kanheipur | kantabanji (kantabanjhi) | kantilo | karanjia | kashinagar | kendrapara | kendujhar | kesinga | khaliapali | khalikote (khallikote) | khandapada | khariar | khariar road | khatiguda | khordha | kochinda (kuchinda) | kodala | koida | konark | koraput | kotpad | krushnanandapur | kuanrmunda | kukudakhandi | kulad | kullada | kunjabangarh | kurumuli | lalsingi | lathikata | lochapada | loisinga | madanpur rampur | majhihara | makundapur | malkangiri | mohana | mukhiguda | mundamarai | nabarangapur (nabarangpur) | nalco | nayagarh | nilagiri | nimapada | nuahata | nuapatna | o.c.l. industrial township | odagaon | padmapur | palalahada | palurgada | panposh | papadahandi | paradip | paradipgarh | paralakhemundi | pathar | patnagarh | patrapur | pattamundai | phulabani (phulbani) | pipili | pitala | polasara | pratapsasan | puri | purusottampur | raighar | rairangpur | rajagangapur (rajgangpur) | rajasunakhala | rambha | ramgarh | ranapurgada | raurkela (rourkela) | raurkela industrial township | rayagada | rayagada | redhakhol (rairakhol) | remuna | rengali | rengali dam project township | r. udayagiri | sambalpur | saranga | sayadpur | sheragada | sohela | sonapur (subarnapur, sonepur) | soro | subalaya | sunabeda | sundargarh (sundergarh) | surada | surala | suvani | talcher | talcher thermal power station township (t.t.p.s. township) | tangi | tarbha | tensa | tikarpada | tipo | titlagarh | tushura | udala | umarkote (umerkote) | venkatraipur ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    ahmednagar | akola | amravati | aurangabad | beed | bhandara | buldhana | chandrapur | dhule | gadchiroli | gondia | hingoli | jalgaon | jalna | kolhapur | latur | mumbai | mumbai suburban | nagpur | nanded | nandurbar | nashik | osmanabad | palghar | parbhani | pune | raigad | ratnagiri | sangli | satara | sindhudurg | solapur | thane | wardha | washim | yavatmal | ariyalur | chengalpattu | chennai | coimbatore | cuddalore | dharmapuri | dindigul | erode | azamgarh | kallakurichi | kanchipuram | kanniyakumari | karur | krishnagiri | madurai | mayiladuthurai | nagapattinam | namakkal | perambalur | pudukkottai | ramanathapuram | ranipet | salem | sivaganga | tenkasi | thanjavur | theni | the nilgiris | thiruvallur | thiruvarur | tiruchirappalli | tirunelveli | tirupathur | tiruppur | tiruvannamalai | tuticorin | vellore | villupuram | virudhunagar | nicobars | north and middle andaman | south andamans | anantapur | chittoor | east godavari | guntur | krishna | kurnool | prakasam | spsr nellore | srikakulam | visakhapatanam | vizianagaram | west godavari | y.s.r. | anjaw | changlang | dibang valley | east kameng | east siang | kamle | kra daadi | kurung kumey | leparada | lohit | longding | lower dibang valley | lower siang | lower subansiri | namsai | pakke kessang | papum pare | shi yomi | siang | tawang | tirap | upper siang | upper subansiri | west kameng | west siang | baksa | barpeta | biswanath | bongaigaon | cachar | charaideo | chirang | kannur | darrang | dhemaji | dhubri | dibrugarh | dima hasao | goalpara | golaghat | hailakandi | hojai | jorhat | kamrup | kamrup metro | karbi anglong | karimganj | kokrajhar | lakhimpur | majuli | marigaon | nagaon | nalbari | sivasagar | sonitpur | south salmara mancachar | tinsukia | udalguri | west karbi anglong | araria | arwal | aurangabad | banka | begusarai | bhagalpur | bhojpur | buxar | darbhanga | gaya | gopalganj | jamui | jehanabad | kaimur (bhabua) | katihar | khagaria | kishanganj | lakhisarai | madhepura | madhubani | munger | muzaffarpur | nalanda | nawada | pashchim champaran | patna | purbi champaran | purnia | rohtas | saharsa | samastipur | saran | sheikhpura | sheohar | sitamarhi | siwan | supaul | vaishali | chandigarh | balod | baloda bazar | balrampur | bastar | bemetara | bijapur | bilaspur | dantewada | dhamtari | durg | gariyaband | gaurella pendra marwahi | janjgir-champa | jashpur | kabirdham | kanker | kondagaon | korba | korea | mahasamund | mungeli | narayanpur | raigarh | raipur | rajnandgaon | sukma | surajpur | surguja | central | east | new delhi | north | north east | north west | shahdara | south | south east | south west | west | north goa | south goa | ahmadabad | amreli | anand | arvalli | banas kantha | bharuch | bhavnagar | botad | chhotaudepur | dang | devbhumi dwarka | dohad | gandhinagar | gir somnath | jamnagar | junagadh | kachchh | kheda | mahesana | mahisagar | morbi | narmada | navsari | panch mahals | patan | porbandar | rajkot | sabar kantha | surat | surendranagar | tapi | vadodara | valsad | ambala | bhiwani | charki dadri | faridabad | fatehabad | gurugram | hisar | jhajjar | jind | kaithal | karnal | kurukshetra | mahendragarh | nuh | palwal | panchkula | panipat | rewari | rohtak | sirsa | sonipat | yamunanagar | bilaspur | chamba | hamirpur | kangra | kinnaur | kullu | lahul and spiti | mandi | shimla | sirmaur | solan | una | anantnag | bandipora | baramulla | budgam | doda | ganderbal | jbalasore | kathua | kishtwar | kulgam | kupwara | poonch | pulwama | kasaragod | rajouri | ramban | reasi | samba | shopian | srinagar | udhampur | bokaro | chatra | deoghar | dhanbad | dumka | east singhbum | garhwa | giridih | godda | gumla | hazaribagh | jamtara | khunti | koderma | latehar | lohardaga | pakur | palamu | ramgarh | ranchi | sahebganj | saraikela kharsawan | simdega | west singhbhum | bagalkote | ballari | belagavi | bengaluru rural | bengaluru urban | bidar | chamarajanagara | chikkaballapura | chikkamagaluru | chitradurga | dakshina kannada | davangere | dharwad | gadag | hassan | haveri | kalaburagi | kodagu | kolar | koppal | mandya | mysuru | raichur | ramanagara | shivamogga | tumakuru | udupi | uttara kannada | vijayapura | yadgir | alappuzha | ernakulam | idukki | kollam | kottayam | kozhikode | malappuram | palakkad | pathanamthitta | thiruvananthapuram | thrissur | wayanad | kargil | leh ladakh | lakshadweep district | agar malwa | alirajpur | anuppur | ashoknagar | balaghat | barwani | betul | bhind | bhopal | burhanpur | chhatarpur | chhindwara | damoh | datia | dewas | dhar | dindori | east nimar | guna | gwalior | harda | hoshangabad | indore | jabalpur | jhabua | katni | khargone | mandla | mandsaur | morena | narsinghpur | neemuch | niwari | panna | raisen | rajgarh | ratlam | rewa | sagar | satna | sehore | seoni | shahdol | shajapur | sheopur | shivpuri | sidhi | singrauli | tikamgarh | ujjain | umaria | vidisha | bishnupur | chandel | churachandpur | imphal east | imphal west | jiribam | kakching | kamjong | kangpokpi | noney | pherzawl | senapati | tamenglong | tengnoupal | thoubal | ukhrul | east garo hills | east jaintia hills | east khasi hills | north garo hills | ri bhoi | south garo hills | south west garo hills | south west khasi hills | west garo hills | west jaintia hills | west khasi hills | aizawl | gurdaspur | champhai | hnahthial | khawzawl | kolasib | lawngtlai | lunglei | mamit | saiha | saitual | serchhip | dimapur | kiphire | kohima | longleng | mokokchung | mon | noklak | peren | phek | tuensang | wokha | zunheboto | anugul | balangir | baleshwar | bargarh | bhadrak | boudh | cuttack | deogarh | dhenkanal | gajapati | ganjam | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jharsuguda | kalahandi | kandhamal | kendrapara | kendujhar | khordha | koraput | malkangiri | mayurbhanj | nabarangpur | nayagarh | nuapada | puri | rayagada | sambalpur | sonepur | sundargarh | karaikal | mahe | pondicherry | yanam | amritsar | barnala | bathinda | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozepur | hoshiarpur | jalandhar | kapurthala | ludhiana | mansa | moga | pathankot | patiala | rupnagar | sangrur | s.a.s nagar | shahid bhagat singh nagar | sri muktsar sahib | tarn taran | ajmer | alwar | banswara | baran | barmer | bharatpur | bhilwara | bikaner | bundi | chittorgarh | churu | dausa | dholpur | dungarpur | ganganagar | hanumangarh | jaipur | jaisalmer | jalore | jhalawar | jhunjhunu | jodhpur | karauli | kota | nagaur | pali | pratapgarh | rajsamand | sawai madhopur | sikar | sirohi | tonk | udaipur | east district | north district | south district | west district | adilabad | bhadradri kothagudem | hyderabad | jagitial | jangoan | jayashankar bhupalapally | jogulamba gadwal | kamareddy | karimnagar | khammam | kumuram bheem asifabad | mahabubabad | mahabubnagar | mancherial | medak | medchal malkajgiri | baghpat | mulugu | nagarkurnool | nalgonda | narayanpet | nirmal | nizamabad | peddapalli | rajanna sircilla | ranga reddy | sangareddy | siddipet | suryapet | vikarabad | wanaparthy | warangal rural | warangal urban | yadadri bhuvanagiri | dadra and nagar haveli | daman | diu | dhalai | gomati | khowai | north tripura | sepahijala | south tripura | unakoti | west tripura | almora | bageshwar | chamoli | champawat | dehradun | haridwar | nainital | pauri garhwal | pithoragarh | rudra prayag | tehri garhwal | udam singh nagar | uttar kashi | agra | aligarh | ambedkar nagar | amethi | amroha | auraiya | ayodhya | bahraich | ballia | balrampur | banda | barabanki | bareilly | basti | bhadohi | bijnor | budaun | bulandshahr | chandauli | chitrakoot | deoria | etah | etawah | farrukhabad | fatehpur | firozabad | gautam buddha nagar | ghaziabad | ghazipur | gonda | gorakhpur | hamirpur | hapur | hardoi | hathras | jalaun | jaunpur | jhansi | kannauj | kanpur dehat | kanpur nagar | kasganj | kaushambi | kheri | kushi nagar | lalitpur | lucknow | maharajganj | mahoba | mainpuri | mathura | mau | meerut | mirzapur | moradabad | muzaffarnagar | pilibhit | pratapgarh | prayagraj | rae bareli | rampur | saharanpur | sambhal | sant kabeer nagar | shahjahanpur | shamli | shravasti | siddharth nagar | sitapur | sonbhadra | sultanpur | unnao | varanasi | 24 paraganas north | 24 paraganas south | alipurduar | bankura | birbhum | coochbehar | darjeeling | dinajpur dakshin | dinajpur uttar | hooghly | howrah | jalpaiguri | jhargram | kalimpong | kolkata | maldah | medinipur east | medinipur west | murshidabad | nadia | paschim bardhaman | purba bardhaman | purulia ...
     
    list of our services following states
     
    andaman and nicobar islands | andhra pradesh | arunachal pradesh | assam | bihar | chandigarh | chhattisgarh | delhi | goa | gujarat | haryana | himachal pradesh | jbalasore and kashmir | jharkhand | karnataka | kerala | ladakh | lakshadweep | madhya pradesh | maharashtra | manipur | meghalaya | mizoram | nagaland | odisha | puducherry | punjab | rajasthan | sikkim | tamil nadu | telangana | the dadra and nagar haveli and daman and diu | tripura | uttarakhand | uttar pradesh | west bengal ...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    achalpur | aheri | ahmadpur | ajra | akkalkot | akkalkuwa | akola | akola | akot | akrani | alibag | amalner | ambad | ambarnath | ambegaon | ambejogai | amgaon | amravati | anjangaon surji | ardhapur | arjuni morgaon | armori | arni | arvi | ashti | ashti | atpadi | aundha (nagnath) | aurangabad | ausa | babulgaon | badnapur | baglan | balapur | ballarpur | baramati | barshi | barshitakli | basmath | bavda | bhadgaon | bhadravati | bhamragad | bhandara | bhatkuli | bhiwandi | bhiwapur | bhokar | bhokardan | bhor | bhudargad | bhum | bhusawal | bid | biloli | bodvad | brahmapuri | buldana | chakur | chalisgaon | chamorshi | chandgad | chandrapur | chandurbazar | chandur railway | chandvad | chikhaldara | chikhli | chimur | chiplun | chopda | dahanu | dapoli | darwha | daryapur | daund | deglur | deola | deolgaon raja | deoli | deoni | deori | desaiganj (vadasa) | devgad | dhamangaon railway | dhanora | dharangaon | dharmabad | dharni | dharur | dhule | digras | dindori | dodamarg | erandol | etapalli | gadchiroli | gadhinglaj | gangakhed | gangapur | georai | ghansawangi | ghatanji | gondiya | gondpipri | goregaon | guhagar | hadgaon | hatkanangle | haveli | himayatnagar | hinganghat | hingna | hingoli | igatpuri | indapur | jafferabad | jalgaon | jalgaon (jamod) | jalkot | jalna | jamkhed | jamner | jaoli | jat | jawhar | jintur | jiwati | junnar | kadegaon | kagal | kaij | kalamb | kalamb | kalameshwar | kalamnuri | kalwan | kalyan | kamptee | kandhar | kankavli | kannad | karad | karanja | karanja | karjat | karjat | karmala | karvir | katol | kavathemahankal | kelapur | khalapur | khamgaon | khanapur | khandala | khatav | khed | khed | khuldabad | kinwat | kopargaon | korchi | koregaon | korpana | kudal | kuhi | kurkheda | lakhandur | lakhani | lanja | latur | loha | lohara | lonar | madha | mahabaleshwar | mahad | mahagaon | mahoor | malegaon | malegaon | malkapur | malshiras | malwan | man | mandangad | mangalvedhe | mangaon | mangrulpir | manjlegaon | manora | mantha | manwath | maregaon | mauda | mawal | mehkar | mhasla | miraj | mohadi | mohol | mokhada | morshi | motala | mudkhed | mukhed | muktainagar (edlabad) | mul | mulchera | mulshi | murbad | murtijapur | murud | nagar | nagbhir | nagpur (rural) | nagpur (urban) | naigaon (khairgaon) | nanded | nandgaon | nandgaon-khandeshwar | nandura | nandurbar | narkhed | nashik | nawapur | ner | nevasa | nilanga | niphad | osmanabad | pachora | paithan | palam | palghar | palus | pandharpur | panhala | panvel | paranda | parbhani | parli | parner | parola | parseoni | partur | patan | pathardi | pathri | patoda | patur | pauni | pen | peth | phaltan | phulambri | poladpur | pombhurna | pune city | purandhar | purna | pusad | radhanagari | rahta | rahuri | rajapur | rajura | ralegaon | ramtek | ratnagiri | raver | renapur | risod | roha | sadak-arjuni | sailu | sakoli | sakri | salekasa | samudrapur | sangameshwar | sangamner | sangole | sangrampur | satara | savner | sawali | sawantwadi | seloo | sengaon | shahade | shahapur | shahuwadi | shegaon | shevgaon | shirala | shirol | shirpur | shirur | shirur-anantpal | shirur (kasar) | shrigonda | shrirampur | shrivardhan | sillod | sindewahi | sindkhede | sindkhed raja | sinnar | sironcha | soegaon | solapur north | solapur south | sonpeth | sudhagad | surgana | tala | talasari | talode | tasgaon | telhara | teosa | thane | tirora | trimbakeshwar | tuljapur | tumsar | udgir | ulhasnagar | umarga | umarkhed | umred | umri | uran | vada | vaibhavvadi | vaijapur | vasai | velhe | vengurla | vikramgad | wadwani | wai | walwa | wani | wardha | warora | warud | washi | washim | yavatmal | yawal | yevla | zari-jamani | bardez | bicholim | canacona | dharbandora | mormugao | pernem | ponda | quepem | salcete | sanguem | satari | tiswadi | agatti | amini | andrott | bitra | chetlat | kadmat | kalpeni | kavaratti | kiltan | minicoy | dadra & nagar haveli | daman | diu | abdasa | adajan | ahwa | amirgadh | amod | amreli | anand city | anand rural | anjar | anklav | anklesvar | asarva | babra | bagasara | balasinor | bansda | bardoli | barwala | bavla | bayad | becharaji | bhabhar | bhachau | bhanvad | bharuch | bhavnagar | bhesan | bhiloda | bhuj | bodeli | borsad | botad | chanasma | chhota udaipur | chikhli | chorasi | chotila | chuda | dabhoi | danta | dantiwada | dasada | daskroi | dediapada | deesa | dehgam | deodar | desar | detroj-rampura | devgadbaria | dhandhuka | dhanera | dhanpur | dhansura | dharampur | dhari | dholera | dholka | dhoraji | dhrangadhra | dhrol | dohad | dolvan | fatepura | gadhada | galteshwar | gandevi | gandhidham | gandhinagar | garbada | gariadhar | garudeshwar | ghatlodiya | ghogha | ghoghamba | gir gadhda | godhra | gondal | halol | halvad | hansot | harij | himatnagar | idar | jafrabad | jalalpore | jambughoda | jambusar | jamjodhpur | jamkandorna | jamnagar city | jamnagar rural | jasdan | jesar | jetpur | jetpur pavi | jhagadia | jhalod | jodiya | jotana | junagadh | junagadh city | kadana | kadi | kalavad | kalol | kalol gandhinagar | kalyanpur | kamrej | kankrej | kapadvanj | kaprada | karjan | katargam | kathlal | kavant | keshod | khambha | khambhalia | khambhat | khanpur | kheda | khedbrahma | kheralu | khergam | kodinar | kotda sangani | kukarmunda | kunkavav vadia | kutiyana | lakhani | lakhpat | lakhtar | lalpur | lathi | lilia | limbdi | limkheda | lodhika | lunawada | mahesana | mahudha | mahuva | mahuva | majura | malia hatina | maliya | malpur | manavadar | mandal | mandvi | mandvi surat | mangrol | mangrol | maninagar | mansa | matar | meghraj | mehmedabad | mendarda | modasa | morvi | morwa (hadaf) | muli | mundra | nadiad | nadiad city | nakhatrana | nandod | nasvadi | navsari | netrang | nizar | okhamandal | olpad | paddhari | padra | palanpur | palitana | palsana | pardi | patan | patan-veraval | petlad | porbandar | poshina | prantij | puna | radhanpur | rajkot | rajkot east | rajkot south | rajkot west | rajula | ranavav | ranpur | rapar | sabarmati | sagbara | sami | sanand | sanjeli | sankheda | santalpur | santrampur | saraswati | satlasana | savar kundla | savli | sayla | shankheshvar | shehera | sidhpur | sihor | singvad | sinor | sojitra | songadh | subir | suigam | sutrapada | talaja | talala | talod | tankara | tarapur | thangadh | tharad | thasra | tilakwada | uchchhal | udhna | umarpada | umbergaon | umrala | umreth | una | unjha | upleta | vadali | vadgam | vadnagar | vadodara east | vadodara north | vadodara rural | vadodara south | vadodara west | vaghodia | vagra | valia | vallabhipur | valod | valsad | vanthali | vapi | vaso | vatva | vav | vejalpur | vijapur | vijaynagar | vinchchiya | viramgam | virpur | visavadar | visnagar | vyara | wadhwan | waghai | wankaner | adityapur (gamharia) | albert ekka (jari) | amrapara | anandpur | angara | baghmara-cum-katras | bagodar | baharagora | baliapur | balumath | bandgaon | bano | bansjor | bardiha | bargarh | barhait | barharwa | barhi | bariyatu | barkagaon | barkatha | barwadih | bashant rai* | basia | bengabad | bermo | bero | bhandaria | bhandra | bharno | bhawnathpur | birni | bishrampur | bishungarh | bishunpur | bishunpura | boarijor | bolba | boram | borio | bundu | burmu | chaibasa | chainpur | chainpur | chakradharpur | chakulia | chalkusa | chandankiyari | chandil | chandrapura | chandwa | chandwara | chanho | chas | chatra | chauparan | chhatarpur | chinia | chitarpur | churchu | dadi | danda | dandai | daru | deoghar | deori | devipur | dhalbhumgarh | dhanbad-cum-kenduadih-cum-jagata | dhanwar | dhurki | domchanch | dulmi | dumaria | dumka | dumri | dumri | egarkund | erki(tamar ii) | fatehpur | gande | garhwa | garu | gawan | ghaghra | ghatshila | gidhaur | giridih | gobindpur | gobindpur (rajnagar) | godda | goilkera | gola | golmuri-cum-jugsalai | gomia | gopikandar | gudri | gumla | gurbandha | haidernagar | hariharganj | hat gamharia | hazaribag | herhanj | hiranpur | hussainabad | ichagarh | ichak | itkhori | itki | jagannathpur | jainagar | jaldega | jama | jamtara | jamua | jaridih | jarmundi | jharia-cum-jorapokhar-cum-sindri | jhinkpani | kairo | kamdara | kandi ....
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    kanha chatti | kanke | kariasol | karma tanr vidyasagar | karon | karra | kasmar | katamdag | kathikund | katkamsandi | keredari | kersai | ketar | kharaundhi | kharsawan | khelari | khunti | khuntpani | kisko | koderma | kolebira | kuchai | kukru | kumardungi | kunda | kundhit | kurdeg | kuru | lapung | latehar | lawalaung | litipara | lohardaga | madhupur | mahagama | maheshpur | mahuadanr | majhgaon | majhiaon | manatu | mandar | mandro | mandu | manika | manjhari | manoharpur | margo munda | markacho | masalia | mayur hand | medininagar(daltonganj) | meherma | meral (pipra kalan) | mohammad ganj | mohanpur | murhu | musabani | nagaruntari | nagri | nala | namkum | narayanpur | nawa bazar | nawadih | nawadiha bazar / nawadiha | nilambar-pitambarpur(lesliganj) | nimdih | nirsa-cum-chirkunda | noamundi | ormanjhi | padma | padwa | pakar tanr | pakaur | pakuria | palkot | palojori | pandu | panki | patamda | patan | pathalgora | pathargama | pathna | patratu | peshrar | peterwar | pipra | pirtanr | poreyahat | potka | pratappur | purbi tundi* | rahe | raidih | rajmahal | ramgarh | ramgarh | ramgarh | ramkanda | ramna | rania | ranishwar | ranka | ratu | sagma | sahibganj | saraikela | saraiyahat | sarath | sarwan | satbarwa | satgawan | senha | shaligram ram narayanpur (hunterganj) | shikaripara | silli | simaria | simdega | sisai | sonahatu | sona rai tharhi | sonua | sundarpahari | suriya | taljhari | tamar i | tandwa | tantnagar | tarhasi | tati jhariya | thakurgangti | thethaitangar | tisri | tonto | topchanchi | torpa | tundi | udhwa | untari road | abhanpur | akaltara | ambagarh | ambikapur | antagarh | arang | bade bacheli | bade rajpur | bagbahra | bagicha | baikunthpur | bakavand | balod | baloda | baloda bazar | balrampur | baramkela | basna | bastanar | bastar | batouli | bemetara | berla | bhairamgarh | bhaiyathan | bhanupratappur | bharatpur | bhatapara | bhopalpattnam | bijapur | bilaigarh | bilaspur | bilha | bindranavagarh (gariyaband) | bodla | champa | charama | chhindgarh | chhuikhadan | chhura | chhuriya | dabhra | dantewada | darbha | deobhog | dhamdha | dhamtari | dondi | dondi luhara | dongargaon | dongargarh | duldula | durg | durgkondal | farasgaon | farsabahar | gharghoda | gidam | gunderdehi | gurur | jagdalpur | jaijaipur | janjgir | jashpur | kanker | kansabel | kartala | kasdol | katekalyan | katghora | kawardha | keskal | khadganva | khairagarh | kharsia | kondagaon | konta | korba | kota | kuakonda | kunkuri | kurud | lailunga | lakhanpur | lohandiguda | lormi | lundra | magarlod | mahasamund | mainpat | mainpur | makdi | malkharoda | manendragarh | manora | manpur | marwahi | masturi | mohla | mungeli | nagri | narayanpur | narharpur | nawagarh | nawagarh | orchha | oudgi | pakhanjur | palari | pali | pamgarh | pandariya | patan | pathalgaon | pathariya | pendra | pendra road gorella | pithora | poundi-uproda | pratappur | premnagar | pusour | raigarh | raipur | rajim | rajnandgaon | rajpur | ramanujganj | ramanujnagar | sahaspur lohara | saja | sakti | samri(kusmi) | saraipali | sarangarh | shankargarh | simga | sitapur | sonhat | sukma | surajpur | takhatpur | tamnar | thanakhamria | tilda | tokapal | udaipur (dharamjaigarh) | udaypur | usur | wadrafnagar | aali | abhyachandpur | adava | agarpada | ainthapali | airfield (kapila prasad) | ambabhona | ambadala | anandapur | andirakanch | anugul | arjyapalli marine | asika | astaranga | athagad | athmallik | attabira | badachana | badagada | badamba | badampahar | badmal | bahalda | baidyeswar | baisinga | balangir | balaramgadi marine | baleshwar (m) | baleshwar sadar | balianta | baliapal | balichandrapur | baliguda | balikuda | balimi | balipatna | balugaon | bamebari | bampada | banaharapali | banapur | banarpal | bandhugaon | banei | bangiriposi | bangomunda | banigochha | banki | bansada | bant | bantala | baragaon | barang | barapali | barbil | bargarh | bargarh sadar | baria | baripada (m) | baripada sadar | baripada town | bari - ramachandrapur | barkot | barsahi | basta | basudebpur | baudh sadar | baunsuni | begunia | belaghar | belpahar | belpara | berhampur | betanati | bhadrak rural | bhairabsingipur | bhandari pokhari | bhanjanagar | bhasma | bhatli | bheden | bhograi | bhuban | bhubaneswar (m.corp.) | bhusan steel limited | bijepur | bikrampur | binika | binjharpur | biramaharajpur | biramitrapur | biridi | bishamakatak | bisoi | bisra | biswanathpur | boden | boipariguda | bolagad | bolani | bondamunda | boriguma | brahmagiri | brahmanigaon | brahmani tarang | brahmapur (m.corp.) | brahmapur sadar | brajarajnagar | buguda | burdenp.s. | burla | chakapada | chamakhandi | champua | chandabali | chandahandi | chandaka | chandanpur | chandiposh | chandipur | chandrapur | chandua | charamal | chhatrapur | chhendipada | chitrakonda | choudwar | colliery | c.r.r.i. | cuttack (m.corp.) p.s | cuttack sadar | dabugan | daitari | damonjodi | daringbadi | dasamantapur | dasapalla | debagarh | delanga | derabish | dhama | dhamanagar | dhamara marine | dhanupali | dharakote | dharamgarh | dharmasala | dharuadihi | dhenkanal sadar | dhusuri | digapahandi | doraguda | dunguripali | ersama | fategarh | gadisagada | gaisilet | gandia | gangapur | gania | ganjam | garabandha | ghagarbeda | ghasipura | ghatgaon | gobindpur | gochhapada | golamunda | golanthara | gop | gopalpur | gorumahisani | govindpur | gudari | g.udayagiri | gunupur | gurandi | gurudijhatia | gurundia | handapa | harbhanga | harichandanpur | hatibari | hemgir | hindol | hinjili | hirakud | industrial | itamati | jagannath prasad | jagatpur | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jajapur road | jajpur sadar | jakhapura | jaleswar | jamankira | jamboo marine | jamda | jankia | jarada | jarapada | jashipur | jatani | jayapatna | jenapur | jeypore | jharbandha | jharigan | jharpokharia | jharsuguda | jhumpura | joda | jodamba | jonk | jujomura | junagarh | kabisuryanagar | kakatpur | kakiriguma | kaliapani | kalimela | kalinganagar | kalyanasingpur | kamakshyanagar | kamarda | kamarposh balang | kandarpur | kaniha | kanjipani | kankadahad | kanpur | kantabanji | kantamal | kaptipada | karanjia | kashipur | kasinagar | katarbaga | kegaon | kendrapara | kendrapara sadar | kendujhar sadar | kendujhar town | kesinga | khaira | khajuripada | khalikote | khamar | khandagiri | khandapada | khaprakhol | khariar | khatiguda | khordha | khordha sadar | khunta | khuntuni | kiakata | kinjirkela | kishannagar | kishorenagar | kisinda | kochinda | kodala | kodinga | koida | kokasara | kolabira | koliana | komna | konark | korai | koraput | koraput town | kosagumuda | kotagarh | kotiya | kotpad | krushna prasad | kuakhia | kujang | kundei | kundheigola | kundura | kutra | lahunipara | laikera | lakhanpur | lakshmipur | lanjigarh | lathikata | lephripara | lingaraj | loisinga | machh kund | madanpur rampur | mahakalapada | mahanga | mahulapada | mahuldiha | mahulpalli | malkangiri | manamunda | mancheswar | mangalpur | marsaghai | mathili | melchhamunda | mohana | motu | motunga | mudulipada | muniguda | muruda | m.v. 79 | nabarangapur p.s | naikanidihi | naktideul | nalco | nandankanan | nandapur | nandipada | narala | narasinghpur | narayanpatana | naugaon | nayagarh | nayagarh sadar | nayakote | nemalo | niali | nihalprasad | nikirai | nilagiri | nimapada | nirakarpur | nischintakoili | n.t.p.c. | nuagaon | nuagaon | nuagaon | nuapada | odagaon | olatapur | orient | orkel | oupada | padmapur | padmapur | padua | paikamal | palalahada | pandapara | panikoili | paparahandi | paparmetla | paradeep lock | paradip | parajang | paralakhemundi | patana | patapur | patkura | patnagarh | pattamundai | phiringia | phulabani | phulabani town | pipili | podia | polasara | pottangi | puri (m) | puruna katak | purunakot | purusottampur | puttasing | raghunathapali | raibania | raiboga | raighar | raikia | rairakhol | rairangpur | rairangpur town | rajagangapur | rajkanika | rajnagar | ramachandi | ramagiri | rambha | rampur | ranapur | raruan | rasagobindapur | rasol | raurkela (its)p.s. | raurkela (m) | rayagada | rayagada | reamal | remuna | rengali | rengali | rengali damsite | r.udayagiri | rugudi | rupsa | sadar | sadar | sadar | sahadevkhunta | saheednagar | sainkul | saintala | salepur | samal barrage | sambalpur (m) | sarangagarh | sarankul | sasan | satyabadi | seragad | serango | seskhal | sharata | similia | similiguda | sinapali | sindhekela | singla | sohela | sonapur | soro | soso | subalaya | sukinda | suliapada | sunabeda | sundargarh | sundargarh town | surada | talasara | talcher sadar | tamando | tangarapali | tangi | tangi | tarasingi | tarbha | telkoi | tentulikhunti | thakurgarh | thakurmunda | thelkoloi | thuamul rampur | tigiria | tihidi | tikabali | tikaetpali | tikiri | tiring | tirtol | titlagarh | tomka | tumudibandha | tumusingha | turekela | turumunga | tushura | udala | ulunda | umarkote | uttara p.s | bahour taluk | karaikal taluk | mahe taluk | ozhukarai taluk | puducherry taluk | thirunallar taluk | villianur taluk | yanam taluk ....