Types of Air Pollution Monitoring & Testing
1. Ambient air quality monitoring & Testing
2. Indoor air quality monitoring & testing
3. Stack emission monitoring & testing
Ambient air quality testing is conducted to determine the gaseous or particulate concentration of air that may be released into the environment or breathed by humans. Dry air in the Earth’s atmosphere comprises a dynamic mixture of gases, primarily nitrogen (~78%) and oxygen (~21%). Smaller volumes of argon (~0.9%) and carbon dioxide (~0.04%) are also present alongside copious trace level gas species and various particulate matter.
What is Ambient Air Quality?
Ambient air quality is defined as the quality of air outside and sometimes inside. Ambient air quality standards are limits to concentrations of pollutants in air stated for well being of human, nature, animals, etc. There is no single specified definition of standards resulting, Various organizations use standards which are not often similar. Ambient air quality monitoring is also called as Outdoor Air Quality Testing.
What is Air Quality Monitoring?
Air quality monitoring is the process of assessment of pollutants present in the atmosphere by their quantity and types as per air quality standards. Air quality monitoring helps us to take action based on pollutants present in atmosphere to improve air quality
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring or Testing Standards
Below mentioned are National Ambient or Outdoor air quality standards (NAAQS Standards) which are used in ambient air testing.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring or Testing Parameters
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter PM10
Particulate Matter PM2.5
Ozone (O3)
Lead (Pb)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Ammonia (NH3)
Benzene (C6H6)
Benzo(a)Pyrene
Arsenic (As)
Nickel (Ni)
2. Indoor Air Quality Testing Lab
Indoor air quality monitoring is all about achieving a healthy indoor environment, but what does that really mean? In general, it means:
1. There is adequate ventilation (the introduction and distribution of clean air).
2. Contaminants are controlled.
3. The temperature and humidity level are comfortable.
A. Adequate Ventilation
Ventilation plays an important role in indoor air quality. According to the EPA, ventilation is a “combination of processes which results in the supply and removal of air from inside a building.” Those processes include bringing in outside air, conditioning it and mixing it with indoor air, distributing that air throughout the building, and moving some portion of indoor air outside. If one or more of these processes are underperforming, the quality of indoor air will be affected.
Many commercial buildings use mechanical ventilation—fans and ductwork—that are part of the heating and HVAC systems. Some buildings can also utilize natural ventilation by opening doors or windows. The “ventilation rate” is the amount of outdoor air introduced into a space per a unit of time, and is often expressed in cubic feet per minute (cfm). You can find the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) minimum ventilation rates for acceptable air quality
B. Contaminants To Control
Many pollutants that impact indoor air quality come from sources inside a building, though some are drawn in from outdoors. Among the most common pollutants are:
* Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—These are the main contributors to poor indoor air quality; they are ubiquitous both indoors and outdoors. VOCs are organic chemicals emitted as gases from products or processes; for the most part, you can smell their presence. Typical sources of VOCs indoors include things like cleaning agents, disinfectants, air fresheners, dehumidifiers, and more. (Even something as seemingly innocuous as a new carpet is likely to be giving off formaldehyde gas.) Sources of VOC contamination from outside could include volatile chemicals in polluted groundwater that are pulled inside during water use.
* Carbon monoxide (CO)—In contrast to VOCs, carbon monoxide is impossible to smell, taste, or see. At low and moderate concentrations it could cause fatigue, chest pain, or impaired vision; at high concentrations it could be fatal. Sources of carbon monoxide are generators, poorly maintained boilers or furnaces, automobile exhaust from nearby idling vehicles, and more.
* Particulate matter (PM)—Found both inside and outside, particulate matter is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air, such as dust, pollen, smoke, and soot. The particles themselves are different sizes, but the ones to be most concerned about are the smallest—10 micrometers in diameter or smaller—because they can be inhaled. Inhalation of PM can affect the heart and lungs. Outdoor PM, generated by construction, for example, or the burning of fossil fuels, enters into buildings via natural and mechanical ventilation. Indoors it can be produced by fireplaces, cigarette smoking, or other activities.
Some other pollutants to consider (but not a definitive list) are:
Radon
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Methane
C. Temperature/Humidity Levels
Temperature and humidity are considered important elements of air quality by the EPA, in part because of comfort. But too-high temperature and humidity levels have other consequences as well. Mold can begin to form as a result of high humidity; also, the rate at which chemicals are released from building materials is usually higher at higher building temperatures.
Indoor temperatures are sometimes more challenging to control than they seem due to factors such as heat gains from sunlight, outdoor conditions, and the outdoor air ventilation rate. ASHRAE recommends temperatures ranging from 68.5 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter, and from 75 to 80.5 degrees in the summer; indoor relative humidity should be maintained at or below 65%. The EPA recommends humidity levels of between 30% and 60% to reduce mold growth.
3. Stack Emission Monitoring
Stack Emissions monitoring is referred to as Stack emission testing, stack emission monitoring, stack sampling, Source Emission Monitoring or Source Testing. It is a process to measure the emission of industrial waste or pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. The pollutants emitted from the stack can be solid, gaseous, liquid organic or inorganic.
Industrial stacks are the means by which industrial plants discharge their gaseous wastes into the atmosphere. These gaseous effluents may contain pollutants which may be organic or inorganic in chemical nature and be in may be solid, liquid, or gas in physical form.
Stack Monitoring is an instrumental method or procedure for evaluating the characteristics of the emissions from industrial waste gas streams discharged into the atmosphere. Effluent measurement procedures follow specific test methods and protocols to ensure representative and accurate emission data. Test methods are generally pollutant specific, sometimes industry specific. These test methods are formulated and recommended by a variety of regulatory and statutory authorities and jurisdictions such as USEPA, CPCB etc.
Particulate pollution determination is generally carried out by sampling systems. Gaseous pollution determination is carried out either by manual methods or by instrumental methods depending upon the gaseous pollutant of interest. Manual methods comprise sampling systems.
A typical sampling system, which is the commonest method for stack emission monitoring, comprises a ‘ Sampling probe ’, a Sample Collection Module, a Sampling Control Module and a sampling pump.
The sample collection medium and the method of sampling varies with the physical form of the sampled pollutant. In case of particulate pollutants, the collection medium is a filter paper and sampling is carried out under isokinetic flow conditions. Gaseous pollutants are sampled by manual methods or instrumental methods.
* Condition of sampling under isokinetic conditions is not mandatory for sampling of gaseous pollutants.
* Removal of moisture from the stack effluents before their entry into control module is mandatory.
Moisture removal device may be made a part of the gaseous sampling system or may be kept separate from it.
Stack Emission Monitoring Methods
Isokinetic Sampling Systems
Pollutant Specific Sampling Equipment
Gaseous Sampling Systems
Instrumental Methods
Measuring Instruments
Equipment by EPA Method
Stack Monitoring Parameters and Standards / Limits as per CPCB for Boiler & DG Sets Emission
Particulate Matter (PM)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Total Fluoride (F)
Mercury (Hg)
Chlorine (Cl)
Hydrochloric Acid Vapor & Mist (HCl)
Sulphuric Acid Mist (H2SO4)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Lead (Pb)
pollutants for which indoor air quality test is carried out:
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Mold, yeast & bacteria
Humidity and temperature
Fungus, fiberglass, dead skin cells and insects
Pollen & dust
Aldehydes & wood paneling
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Following tests are performed for Indoor Air Quality Testing :
Particulate matter (PM2.5)
Heat Stress
Particulate matter (PM10)
Carbon monoxide
Suspended Particulate matter (SPM)
Oxygen
Sulphur dioxide
Carbon dioxide
Oxides of Nitrogen
Lead as Pb
Ammonia Nickel as Ni
Ozone
Arsenic as As
Fluorides
Chromium as Cr
Hydrogen Sulphide
Benzene, Toluene & Xylene
Chlorine
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Benzo(a)Pyrene(BaP)
Temperature Volatile Organic Compounds as per EPA 502/524 mix
Humidity
Noise
Illumination
Environmental testing Lab Services
Environmental Monitoring
Ambient Air Quality Testing
Indoor Air Quality Testing
Air Monitoring Testing
Stack Emission Testing
Water Testing
packaged Drinking Testing
waste Water Testing
Soil Testing
Aggregates Soil Testing
Bitumen Testing
natural Stone Testing
Environmental Impact Assessment
Mineral Ore Testing
Coal Coke Analysis and Testing
Bio-Mass Testing
Fine Chemicals Testing
Agri Products Testing
Soil Geo Technical Investigation
Soil Analysis and Testing
Microbiological Examination Testing
Micrometeorology Analysis and testing
Food testing
ores Testing
minerals Testing
Environmental Lab - Testings
Environmental Assessments Testing
Biodegradability / Biodegradation Testing
Air Monitoring Testing
Ambient Air Monitoring Testing
Air Quality Monitoring Testing
COSHH Assessments Testing
Dioxins Testing
Dust Testing
Fumes Testing
Furans Testing
Gases Testing
Metals Testing
Noise Testing
Phenols Testing
Semivolatile Organic Solvents Testing
Vapors Testing
Volatile Organic Solvents Testing
Allergen Testing
Anion Analysis Testing
Chloride Testing
Fluoride Testing
Sulfate Testing
Asbestos Surveys Testing
Bacteriological Testing
E Coli Testing
Fecal Coliforms Testing
Plate Count Testing
Bioconcentration Testing
Anaerobic Biodegradation Testing
Disintegration Testing
Bio feasibility Testing
Degradation Testing
Environmental Safety Testing
Acidic Atmosphere Testing
Atmospheric Testing
Contamination by Fluids Testing
Corrosive Environment Testing
Explosive Testing
Fungus Resistance Testing
High Temperature Testing
Humidity Testing
Icing/Freezing Rain Testing
Immersion Testing
Low Pressure Testing
Low Temperature Testing
Pressure Testing
Rain Testing
Salt/Fog Testing
Sand and Dust Testing
Shock Testing
Solar Radiation Testing
Temperature Testing
Thermal Shock Testing
Ecotoxicology Testing
Effluents and Waste Water Testing
Color Testing
Explosives Testing
Herbicides Testing
Hydrocarbons Testing
Neutralization Testing
Nutrients Testing
Oxidation Testing
Oxygen Demand Testing
Pesticides Testing
Radiological Testing
Sludge Thickening Testing
Flocculation Testing
Suspended Solids Turbidity Testing
Water and Solids Analysis Testing
Energy Efficiency Testing
Environmental Chemistry Testing
Environmental Contaminant Testing
DCE Testing
Perchlorate Testing
TCE Testing
Environmental Fate Studies Testing
Environmental Microbiology Testing
Coliforms Testing
Coliform Testing
Strep Testing
Fecal Coliform Testing
Total Coliform Testing
Cryptosporidium Testing
Giardia Testing
Mold Testing
Environmental Monitoring Testing
Environmental Simulation Testing
Gas Emissions Testing
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Testing
Hazardous Waste Testing
PCB's Testing
Limnology Testing
Metabolism Testing
Metals Analysis Testing
Arsenic Testing
Iron Testing
Lead Testing
Manganese Testing
Mercury Testing
Selenium Testing
Ocean Energy and Marine Testing
Green Algae Identification Testing
Organic Pollutants Determinations Testing
PAH Testing
PCB Testing
SVOC Testing
VOC Testing
Particle Identification Testing
Pesticide Testing
Photo-Degradation Testing
Sediment Toxicity Environmental Effects Testing
Eco toxicity Studies Testing
Seismic Testing
Soil Nutrients Testing
Carbon Testing
Phosphorus Testing
Nitrate Testing
Soil Testing
Sediment Analysis Testing
Bulk Soil Testing
Organic Soils and Sediments Testing
Soil Physical Properties Testing
Atterburg Limits Testing
Grain Size Testing
Hydraulic Conductivity Testing
Soil Moisture Content Testing
Soil Permeability Testing
Soil Remediation Testing
Specific Gravity Testing
Stack emissions sampling and analysis Testing
Ultra Trace Contaminant Analysis by HRMS Testing
Waste Analysis Testing
Waste Characterization Testing
Water Potability Testing
Coliform Bacteria Testing
Hardness Testing
Nitrates Testing
Sodium Chloride Testing
Total Dissolved Solids Testing
pH Testing
Water Quality Testing
Drinking Water Testing
Ground Water Testing
Inorganic Testing
ie Testing
lead Testing
copper Testing
cadmium Testing
arsenic Testing
barium Testing
chromium Testing
mercury Testing
selenium Testing
silver Testing
nitrate and nitrite) Organic Testing
Haloacetic Acid Testing
Total Organic Carbons Testing
Trihalomethanes Testing
(THMs) Surface Water Testing
Environmental Lab Testing List
Environmental Monitoring testing services in austria ,
Ambient Air Quality Testing services in austria ,
Indoor Air Quality Testing services in austria ,
Air Monitoring Testing services in austria ,
Stack Emission Testing services in austria ,
Water Testing services in austria ,
packaged Drinking Testing services in austria ,
waste Water Testing services in austria ,
Soil Testing services in austria ,
Aggregates Soil Testing services in austria ,
Bitumen Testing services in austria ,
natural Stone Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Impact Assessment services in austria ,
Mineral Ore Testing services in austria ,
Coal Coke Analysis and Testing services in austria ,
Bio-Mass Testing services in austria ,
Fine Chemicals Testing services in austria ,
Agri Products Testing services in austria ,
Soil Geo Technical Investigation services in austria ,
Soil Analysis and Testing services in austria ,
Microbiological Examination Testing services in austria , services in austria ,
Micrometeorology Analysis and testing services in austria ,
Food testing services in austria ,
ores Testing services in austria ,
minerals Testing services in austria ,
Workplace noise and dosimetry monitoring services in austria ,
Workplace dust monitoring services in austria ,
Work place VOC monitoring( real time/ gravimetric) services in austria ,
Work place IAQ monitoring services in austria ,
Workplace spore monitoring services in austria ,
Workplace Welding fume monitoring services in austria ,
Workplace metals monitoring services in austria ,
Workplace respirable crystaline silica services in austria ,
Air Quality Monitoring services in austria ,
Toxic gas Monitoring services in austria ,
Isokinetic Sampling services in austria ,
Environmental Assessments Testing services in austria ,
Biodegradability / Biodegradation Testing services in austria ,
Air Monitoring Testing services in austria ,
Ambient Air Monitoring Testing services in austria ,
Air Quality Monitoring Testing services in austria ,
COSHH Assessments Testing services in austria ,
Dioxins Testing services in austria ,
Dust Testing services in austria ,
Fumes Testing services in austria ,
Furans Testing services in austria ,
Gases Testing services in austria ,
Metals Testing services in austria ,
Noise Testing services in austria ,
Phenols Testing services in austria ,
Semi volatile Organic Solvents Testing services in austria ,
Vapors Testing services in austria ,
Volatile Organic Solvents Testing services in austria ,
Allergen Testing services in austria ,
Anion Analysis Testing services in austria ,
Chloride Testing services in austria ,
Fluoride Testing services in austria ,
Sulfate Testing services in austria ,
Asbestos Surveys Testing services in austria ,
Bacteriological Testing services in austria ,
E Coli Testing services in austria ,
Fecal Coli forms Testing services in austria ,
Plate Count Testing services in austria ,
Bio concentration Testing services in austria ,
Anaerobic Biodegradation Testing services in austria ,
Disintegration Testing services in austria ,
Bio feasibility Testing services in austria ,
Degradation Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Safety Testing services in austria ,
Acidic Atmosphere Testing services in austria ,
Atmospheric Testing services in austria ,
Contamination by Fluids Testing services in austria ,
Corrosive Environment Testing services in austria ,
Explosive Testing services in austria ,
Fungus Resistance Testing services in austria ,
High Temperature Testing services in austria ,
Humidity Testing services in austria ,
Icing/Freezing Rain Testing services in austria ,
Immersion Testing services in austria ,
Low Pressure Testing services in austria ,
Low Temperature Testing services in austria ,
Pressure Testing services in austria ,
Rain Testing services in austria ,
Salt/Fog Testing services in austria ,
Sand and Dust Testing services in austria ,
Shock Testing services in austria ,
Solar Radiation Testing services in austria ,
Temperature Testing services in austria ,
Thermal Shock Testing services in austria ,
Ecotoxicology Testing services in austria ,
Effluents and Waste Water Testing services in austria ,
Color Testing services in austria ,
Explosives Testing services in austria ,
Herbicides Testing services in austria ,
Hydrocarbons Testing services in austria ,
Neutralization Testing services in austria ,
Nutrients Testing services in austria ,
Oxidation Testing services in austria ,
Oxygen Demand Testing services in austria ,
Pesticides Testing services in austria ,
Radiological Testing services in austria ,
Sludge Thickening Testing services in austria ,
Flocculation Testing services in austria ,
Suspended Solids Turbidity Testing services in austria ,
Water and Solids Analysis Testing services in austria ,
Energy Efficiency Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Chemistry Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Contaminant Testing services in austria ,
DCE Testing services in austria ,
Perchlorate Testing services in austria ,
TCE Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Fate Studies Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Microbiology Testing services in austria ,
Coliforms Testing services in austria ,
Coliform Testing services in austria ,
Strep Testing services in austria ,
Fecal Coliform Testing services in austria ,
Total Coliform Testing services in austria ,
Cryptosporidium Testing services in austria ,
Giardia Testing services in austria ,
Mold Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Monitoring Testing services in austria ,
Environmental Simulation Testing services in austria ,
Gas Emissions Testing services in austria ,
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Testing services in austria ,
Hazardous Waste Testing services in austria ,
PCB's Testing services in austria ,
Limnology Testing services in austria ,
Metabolism Testing services in austria ,
Ocean Energy and Marine Testing services in austria ,
Green Algae Identification Testing services in austria ,
Organic Pollutants Determinations Testing services in austria ,
PAH Testing services in austria ,
PCB Testing services in austria ,
SVOC Testing services in austria ,
VOC Testing services in austria ,
Particle Identification Testing services in austria ,
Pesticide Testing services in austria ,
Photo-Degradation Testing services in austria ,
Sediment Toxicity Environmental Effects Testing services in austria ,
Eco toxicity Studies Testing services in austria ,
Seismic Testing services in austria ,
Soil Nutrients Testing services in austria ,
Carbon Testing services in austria ,
Phosphorus Testing services in austria ,
Nitrate Testing services in austria ,
Soil Testing services in austria ,
Sediment Analysis Testing services in austria ,
Bulk Soil Testing services in austria ,
Organic Soils and Sediments Testing services in austria ,
Soil Physical Properties Testing services in austria ,
Atterburg Limits Testing services in austria ,
Grain Size Testing services in austria ,
Hydraulic Conductivity Testing services in austria ,
Soil Moisture Content Testing services in austria ,
Soil Permeability Testing services in austria ,
Soil Remediation Testing services in austria ,
Specific Gravity Testing services in austria ,
Stack emissions sampling and analysis Testing services in austria ,
Ultra Trace Contaminant Analysis by HRMS Testing services in austria ,
Waste Analysis Testing services in austria ,
Waste Characterization Testing services in austria ,
Water Potability Testing services in austria ,
Coliform Bacteria Testing services in austria ,
Hardness Testing services in austria ,
Nitrates Testing services in austria ,
Sodium Chloride Testing services in austria ,
Total Dissolved Solids Testing services in austria ,
pH Testing services in austria ,
Water Quality Testing services in austria ,
Drinking Water Testing services in austria ,
Ground Water Testing services in austria ...
list of our services following cities
burgenland |
eisenstadt |
kärnten |
klagenfurt |
sankt veit |
spittal |
villach |
niederösterreich |
amstetten |
baden |
klosterneuburg |
krems |
mayerling |
melk |
mödling |
sankt pölten |
schwechat |
stockerau |
wiener neustadt |
oberösterreich |
bad ischl |
braunau |
ebensee |
enns |
freistadt |
gmunden |
linz |
ried |
sankt wolfgang |
steyr |
traun |
vöcklabruck |
wels |
salzburg |
badgastein |
hallein |
saalfelden |
salzburg |
sankt johann |
zell am see |
steiermark |
bad aussee |
bruck |
eisenerz |
fohnsdorf |
graz |
kapfenberg |
köflach |
leoben |
mariazell |
mürzzuschlag |
tirol |
innsbruck |
kitzbühel |
kufstein |
lienz |
solbad hall |
vienna |
vorarlberg |
bludenz |
bregenz |
dornbirn |
feldkirch |
lustenau |
schruns |
vienna |
graz |
linz |
salzburg |
innsbruck |
klagenfurt am wörthersee |
villach |
wels |
sankt pölten |
dornbirn |
wiener neustadt |
steyr |
feldkirch |
bregenz |
leonding |
klosterneuburg |
baden bei wien |
wolfsberg |
leoben |
krems an der donau |
traun |
kapfenberg |
amstetten |
lustenau |
hallein |
modling |
kufstein |
traiskirchen |
schwechat |
stockerau |
bruck an der mur |
tulln |
saalfelden |
hohenems |
braunau am inn |
telfs |
ansfelden |
spittal an der drau |
perchtoldsdorf |
eisenstadt |
ternitz |
hall in tirol |
feldkirchen in karnten |
bludenz |
worgl |
schwaz |
bad ischl |
wals-siezenheim |
marchtrenk |
korneuburg |
hard |
gmunden |
neunkirchen |
brunn am gebirge |
knittelfeld |
ganserndorf |
sankt veit an der glan |
enns |
vocklabruck |
hollabrunn |
rankweil |
lienz |
gerasdorf bei wien |
bad voslau |
gotzis |
ried im innkreis |
gross-enzersdorf |
mistelbach |
ebreichsdorf |
waidhofen an der ybbs |
sankt johann im pongau |
trofaiach |
zwettl |
volkermarkt |
seekirchen am wallersee |
bischofshofen |
sankt andra ....