AN ISO/IEC - 17025 STANDARD - NABL ACCREDITATION LABORATORY / TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION - MECH - CIVIL - ELECTRICAL & IT COURSES / A to Z LABORATORY TESTING SERVICES / INSPECTION SERVICES / ALL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS / MORE THAN 1500 SERVICES ...

Water leakage/seepage Investigation - Building
 
 
 
1. What are the common causes of water leakage?
 
Common causes of water leakage :
 
  • * Leakage in the drainage pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Leakage in the water supply pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Deteriorated waterproofing of floor slabs or bath-tub seals.
  • * Seepage of waste water or rain water through roof / external wall.
  •  
    water seepage Testing methods
     
  • 1. Dye Tracer Test
  • 2. Electrical capacitance Investigation
  • 3. Electrical Resistance Investigation
  • 4. Microwave Leakage Testing
  • 5. Infrared Thermography Testing
  • 6. Pressure Test
  • 7. Humidity Sensors Test
  • 8. Electrical Earth Leakage Test
  • 9. Flood Testing
  • 10. Water Spray Test
  • 11. Acoustic Leak Testing
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE ACCURACY OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • 1. Two common sources of water seepage in buildings are from the external, e.g. rainfall, and from above or the alleged source sites, e.g. domestic use of water.
  • 2. The former is obvious and can readily be identified with certainty. The main difficulty is to identify the source/cause of water seepage coming from above (e.g. from the bathroom immediate above an alleged water seepage site).
  • 3. If the parties are cooperative, there is a good chance that the problem of water seepage can be alleviated by investigating/identifying the sources and carrying out proper repair. In majority of the cases, repeated repair will have to be carried out
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE COMMON METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • Methodology 1: The alleged source site is first subjected to dyed water to simulate the water source(s). Afterwards, measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Typical examples include flooding test, water spray test and dye test. It is generally considered as the most direct means to identify/differentiate different water source(s). However, it is not applicable in majority of the cases due to non-corporation of owners/occupiers of the alleged source site thereby disallowing any flooding test, water spray test or dye test to be carried out from the alleged water seepage site.
  •  
  • Methodology 2: Without simulating the water source(s), measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Source(s) and cause(s) of water seepage are interpreted from the measurement and this requires high level of professional knowledge and expertise.
  •  
  • The commonly used techniques for investigating the causes and/or sources of water seepage.
  •  
    Common methods of investigating water seepage
     
  • 1. Dye test - Through thickness penetration
  • 2. Protimeter measurement - Limit to surface
  • 3. Infrared thermography - From surface to nominal depth
  • 4. Microwave moisture meter - Up to 110 mm or more
  •  
    1. Dye Test
     
  • Dye test is the most commonly used technique, inexpensive and requiring minimal technical skills. It is used by the Joint Office as the routine method for systematic investigation and is recommended as a DIY investigation tool (FEHD and BD). Dye test is carried out by ponding the alleged source site (e.g. flooding the bathroom) with dyed water (“the ponding area”). The result is positive if dye is visible from below. Recently, fluorescent dyes are used thereby signs of water seepage are observed from below by an ultraviolet light in dark condition. Quite often dye is not detected from below in the damp area (“negative results”) even though water originates from the ponding area.
  •  
    2. Protimeter Measurement
     
  • Protimeter is a device commonly used to assess the surface moisture content of a material. Surface moisture content is measured through pushing two needles/electrodes into the material. It enables rapid assessment of surface moisture content. Due to the heterogeneous properties of concrete and unknown properties of finishes on the surface of concrete, readings obtained from a protimeter cannot be taken directly as surface moisture content, unless the readings reflect very high moisture content. As precalibration of surface moisture content of concrete is virtually not possible, readings are taken from both affected areas and non-affected areas (or control points) and the values are compared to estimate the surface moisture content of affected areas
  •  
    3. Infrared thermography
     
  • Infrared thermography is based on the principle that wet and dry building components have different rates of heat gain and retention. This technique is normally applied using a hand-held infrared camera with recording device . Wet zone is identified based on physical characteristics of wet material with slower heat gain and heat loss. It may be able to display water paths, hidden water pipes, etc. that are close to the surface. As temperature differential can be very small (between 0.1C to 0.5C) for identifying a wet area, an uneven surface, e.g. spalling/delamination of finishes, may distort the temperature gradient making the thermographic images unreliable. this is usually the case in an affected area
  •  
    4. Microwave moisture meter
     
  • Microwave moisture meter has gained popularity in measuring the moisture content of a material. It is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the material. Moisture content is estimated from the energy loss due to absorption of water. The device includes a generator and a receiver . It has the disadvantage of requiring a good contact surface for both generator and receiver which may not be possible to achieve in majority of the cases. It is also sensitive to heterogeneous nature of concrete that may cause error in the readings obtained from the measurement. As each measurement is presented as averaged moisture up to a certain depth, accuracy is also adversely affected by the presence of cavities, pipes or reinforcement embedded inside concrete.
  •  
  • Apart from dye test with the advantage of identifying water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage directly, the above are all interpretive testing methods. In some cases, microwave moisture measurement may also provide good indication of the water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage but this largely depends on the quality of the test data
  •  
  • Protimeter and infrared thermography can only identify the presence of moisture near the surface. As moisture measurements are indirectly assessed via electrical resistance and heat, respectively, foreign materials inside concrete may cause similar changes on the measurement to that of water. For instance, presence of salt may affect the reading and thus the accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, the data is used to compare the moisture condition between two different areas of the same material, namely control points not affected by water seepage and the affected areas.
  •  
  • Data obtained from the field works has suggested that there exists no universal method that can provide reliable results to identify the cause(s) of water seepage. Method of investigation has to be determined case by case based on the condition of concrete at the surface and in the interior
  •  
  • As indicated in the above, accuracy depends on the condition of the affected areas and how the tests are performed. Correct interpretation of the test results further relies on an understanding of the underlining principle; limitations; and the pros and cons of applying different methods of investigations. We are of the view that there is in lack of an expertise or a unify approach to select the proper tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results. Obviously, it is very difficult if not impossible task for the parties, who are laymen to the tests, to select the tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results, save and except dye test. A performance-based approach is proposed to handle water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    CONCLUSIONS
     
  • Pursuant to reported cases and relevant provisions in the ordinances, the standard of investigation is to be one with high degree of certainty and the investigation so conducted is able to distinguish all possible causes of water seepage. Common difficulties in resolving water seepage disputes are due to (a) inability to identify the source(s)/cause(s) of water seepage and (b) non-corporation of owners/occupiers of premises alleged of causing water seepage. In respect of (a), it depends on the condition of the affected areas; how the tests are performed; and correct interpretation of the test results. It is necessary to improve and/or develop methods of investigating water seepage. As an alternative approach, it is suggested to identify the source(s) of water seepage from moisture readings obtained from alleged water seepage sites and vibration readings obtained from exposed waste pipes without entering the alleged source sites. Further, it is desirable to shift the method of investigation from an informative approach to a consultative approach with interaction by the party/parties. We need to dedicate tools to match the accuracy/reliability of methods of investigation with the goals of the parties and the goals of the investigation and to provide the parties with opportunities to decide how they would like to proceed. By following a performance-based approach, it is possible to reduce the overall cost and time by not carrying out unnecessary and/or unreliable tests. This may ultimately assist the public to resolve the problem of water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    Water Seepage Investigation List
     
    Water Seepage Problem investigation , Leak & Water Seepage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Detecting Leakage , water leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Seepage testing Source in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Residential Building seepage tesing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Seepage testing using Fluoride , Seepage on Walls testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Dampness on Walls tesing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Preventing Dampness in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Preventing Dampness Types of Waterproofing Material , Effects of Dampness detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Causes of Dampness detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Seepage or Dampness on Walls , Seepage Inspections , Leak detection and location in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Leak detection testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Leak detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Leak detection problem inspection , Water Testing and Leakage inspection , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection In sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , dampness testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , seepage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , water leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , leak testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Hydrostatic & Diagnostic Pressure Testing and Pipe Leak , Basements Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Escalators Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Electrical rooms Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Electrical Transformers Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , DG sets Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Rain water harvesting system Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Firefighting systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Lobbies Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Rain water harvesting system Plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Corridors Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Parking Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Podium Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Overhead water tanks Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Helipad Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Roads and pathways Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Staircases Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Basement ventilation and exhaust systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Dampness & damages in all common areas Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Painting work Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , Shafts and ducts which are open for inspection Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar ...
     
    civil ndt and mechanical ndt - non destructive testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar list
     
    civil ndt testing - non-destructive testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete for bridges testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , dams civil testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar ,, building civil ndt in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , subway civil testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , tunnel civil ndt in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rebound hammer testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rebar locator in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , depth of concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , half cell potential testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , carbonation testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pile integrity testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , visual inspection and field in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil ndt - concrete testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rebound hammer testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rebar locator in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , depth of concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , half cell potential testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , carbonation testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pile integrity testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , visual inspection and field in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , in-situ compressive strength testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil design strength in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil existing structures in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , construction materials testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pile testing systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , structural monitoring systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , asphalt testing systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pavement testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rock and soil laboratory test systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , non-destructive tests for concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , geotechnical & vibration monitoring systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pavement condition monitoring in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete and cement lab systems in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil lab testing concrete and concreting material analysis , civil laboratory testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , construction material testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , cement testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , aggregate testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , bricks testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , blocks testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , tension test on rebars testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , chemical test on rebars testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , water analysis in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , cube test in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , accelerated cube test (act) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rapid chloride test (rcpt) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete mix design in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , fly ash in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , slag and silica fume in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , self compacting concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , temperature controlled concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil ndt and concrete testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , civil ndt investigation in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete investigation in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , coating thickness measurement on concrete structures in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , compressive strength testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete mix design in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , bitumen mix design in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , core extraction testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , core sampling testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete core testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , concrete cube testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , chemical analysis in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , electrical resistivity testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ground penetrating radar survey in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , sieve analysis in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic low frequency testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , upv testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , vibration analysis of building in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , leak testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ct scan on conctete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , element analysis on concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , impact echo testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , linear polarization testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , load testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , permeability testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , petrography of concrete in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , pullout testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , cut and pullout testing (cpo test) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , impulse response test in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , impact echo test in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ground penetrating radar (gpr) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , crack depth measurement in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , reinforcement location and corrosion assessments in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , reinforcement location by ground penetrating radar (gpr) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , cover assessment in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , half cell potential tests in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , resistivity tests in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , corrosion rate assessment in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , carbonation test in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , repair quality assessment in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , bond test in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , anchor rebar pull out strength in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , chemical testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , radiographic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , magnetic particle testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , penetrant testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , eddy current testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , visual testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic thickness measurement testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , vibration analysis in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , time of flight diffraction (tofd) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , phased array ultrasonic testing (paut) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ndt testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , non destructive testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ndt in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , magnetic particle testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , dye penetrant testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , radiographic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , eddy current testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , vibration analysis in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , paut – toft in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic thickness gauging testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , helium leak detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , rfet / nfet / pect testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , internal rotary inspection system (iris) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , acoustic pulse reflectometry (apr) in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , positive material identification testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , magnetic flux leakage (mfl) testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , acoustic emission testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , flouresent leak detection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , long range ultrasonic testing - lrut in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , thermography inspection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , leak testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , tky joints ultrasonic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , aws d1.1 structural steel ultrasonic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ndt capabilities for mechanical and civil in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , ultrasonic inspection in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , time of flight diffraction (tofd) and phased array ut in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , magnetic particle testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , dye penetrant testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , radiographic testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , eddy current testing in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , weld ability study in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar , visual inspection and field in sahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    amritsar | barnala | bathinda | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | firozpur | gurdaspur | hoshiarpur | jalandhar | kapurthala | ludhiana | mansa | moga | muktsar (sri muktsar sahib) | patiala | rupnagar | sahibzada ajit singh nagar | sangrur | shahid bhagat singh nagar | tarn taran | punjab | abohar | adampur | ahmedgarh | ajnala | akalgarh | alawalpur | alhoran | amargarh | amloh | amritsar | amritsar cantonment | anandpur sahib | apra | aur | baba bakala | baddowal | badhni kalan | bagha purana | balachaur | balongi | banga | banur | bareta | bariwala | barnala | baryar | bassi pathana | batala | bathinda | begowal | behrampur | bhadaur | bhadson | bhagta bhai ka | bhamian kalan | bhankharpur | bhattian | bhawanigarh | bhikhi | bhikhiwind | bhisiana | bhogpur | bhucho mandi | bhulath | budha theh | budhlada | bungal | chachoki | chamkaur sahib | cheema | chogawan | chohal | chomon | daper | dasua (dasuya) | daulatpur | dera baba nanak | dera bassi | dhaki | dhanaula | dharamkot | dhariwal | dhilwan | dhin | dhuri | dina nagar | dirba | doraha | faridkot | fatehgarh churian | fateh nangal | fazilka | firozpur | firozpur cantonment | gardhiwala | garhshankar (garhshanker) | ghagga | ghanauli | ghanaur | ghoh | gidderbaha (giddarbaha) | gill | gobindgarh (mandi gobindgarh) | goniana | goraya | gurdaspur | guru har sahai | halwara | handiaya | hariana | hazipur (hajipur) | hoshiarpur | hussainpur | jagraon | jaitu | jalalabad | jalandhar [jullundur] | jalandhar cantonment | jandiala | jandiala | jodhan | jugial | kapurthala | kartarpur | kathanian | khamanon | khambra on nakodar road | khanauri | khanna | kharar | khem karan | khilchian | khothran | korianwali | kot | kot fatta | kot ise khan | kot kapura | kotla nihang | kurali | lalru | lehragaga | lohian khass | longowal | ludhiana | machhiwara | mahilpur | majitha | makhu | malerkotla | malikpur | mallanwala khass | maloud (malaudh) | malout | mamun | mansa | manwal | maur | mehna | mirpur | moga | moonak | morinda | mubarakpur | mudal | mudki | mukerian | muktsar (sri muktsar sahib) | mullanpur dakha | mullanpur garib dass | nabha | nakodar | nangal | nangli | narot mehra | nawanshahr | naya gaon | nehon | nilpur | nurmahal | partap singhwala | pathankot | patiala | patran | patti | payal | phagwara | phagwara sharki | phillaur | qadian | rahon | raikot | rail | raipur rasulpur | raja sansi | rajpura | rakri | raman | ramdas | rampura phul | rayya | rupnagar | rurki kasba | sahnewal | saloh | samana | samrala | sanaur | sangat | sangrur | sansarpur | sarai khas | sardulgarh | sarna | s.a.s. nagar (mohali, ajitgarh) | satyewala | shahkot | sham chaurasi | shikar | sirhind fatehgarh sahib | sohana | sri hargobindpur | sufipind | sujanpur | sultanpur | sunam | talwandi bhai | talwandi sabo | talwara | tapa | tarn taran | tharial | tharike | tibri | urmar tanda | zira | zirakpur ....
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    ambala | bhiwani | charki dadri | faridabad | fatehabad | gurugram | hisar | jhajjar | jind | kaithal | karnal | kurukshetra | mahendragarh | nuh | palwal | panchkula | panipat | rewari | rohtak | sirsa | sonipat | yamunanagar | bilaspur | chamba | hamirpur | kangra | kinnaur | kullu | lahul and spiti | mandi | shimla | sirmaur | solan | una | anantnag | bandipora | baramulla | budgam | doda | ganderbal | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar | kathua | kishtwar | kulgam | kupwara | poonch | pulwama | kasaragod | rajouri | ramban | reasi | samba | shopian | srinagar | udhampur | bokaro | chatra | deoghar | dhanbad | dumka | east singhbum | garhwa | giridih | godda | gumla | hazaribagh | jamtara | khunti | koderma | latehar | lohardaga | pakur | palamu | ramgarh | ranchi | sahebganj | saraikela kharsawan | simdega | west singhbhum | agar malwa | alirajpur | anuppur | ashoknagar | balaghat | barwani | betul | bhind | bhopal | burhanpur | chhatarpur | chhindwara | damoh | datia | dewas | dhar | dindori | east nimar | guna | gwalior | harda | hoshangabad | indore | jabalpur | jhabua | katni | khargone | mandla | mandsaur | morena | narsinghpur | neemuch | niwari | panna | raisen | rajgarh | ratlam | rewa | sagar | satna | sehore | seoni | shahdol | shajapur | sheopur | shivpuri | sidhi | singrauli | tikamgarh | ujjain | umaria | vidisha | ariyalur | chengalpattu | chennai | coimbatore | cuddalore | dharmapuri | dindigul | erode | azamgarh | kallakurichi | kanchipuram | kanniyakumari | karur | krishnagiri | madurai | mayiladuthurai | nagapattinam | namakkal | perambalur | pudukkottai | ramanathapuram | ranipet | salem | sivaganga | tenkasi | thanjavur | theni | the nilgiris | thiruvallur | thiruvarur | tiruchirappalli | tirunelveli | tirupathur | tiruppur | tiruvannamalai | tuticorin | vellore | villupuram | virudhunagar | nicobars | north and middle andaman | south andamans | anantapur | chittoor | east godavari | guntur | krishna | kurnool | prakasam | spsr nellore | srikakulam | visakhapatanam | vizianagaram | west godavari | y.s.r. | anjaw | changlang | dibang valley | east kameng | east siang | kamle | kra daadi | kurung kumey | leparada | lohit | longding | lower dibang valley | lower siang | lower subansiri | namsai | pakke kessang | papum pare | shi yomi | siang | tawang | tirap | upper siang | upper subansiri | west kameng | west siang | baksa | barpeta | biswanath | bongaigaon | cachar | charaideo | chirang | kannur | darrang | dhemaji | dhubri | dibrugarh | dima hasao | goalpara | golaghat | hailakandi | hojai | jorhat | kamrup | kamrup metro | karbi anglong | karimganj | kokrajhar | lakhimpur | majuli | marigaon | nagaon | nalbari | sivasagar | sonitpur | south salmara mancachar | tinsukia | udalguri | west karbi anglong | araria | arwal | aurangabad | banka | begusarai | bhagalpur | bhojpur | buxar | darbhanga | gaya | gopalganj | jamui | jehanabad | kaimur (bhabua) | katihar | khagaria | kishanganj | lakhisarai | madhepura | madhubani | munger | muzaffarpur | nalanda | nawada | pashchim champaran | patna | purbi champaran | purnia | rohtas | saharsa | samastipur | saran | sheikhpura | sheohar | sitamarhi | siwan | supaul | vaishali | chandigarh | balod | baloda bazar | balrampur | bastar | bemetara | bijapur | bilaspur | dantewada | dhamtari | durg | gariyaband | gaurella pendra marwahi | janjgir-champa | jashpur | kabirdham | kanker | kondagaon | korba | korea | mahasamund | mungeli | narayanpur | raigarh | raipur | rajnandgaon | sukma | surajpur | surguja | central delhi | east delhi | new delhi | north delhi | north east delhi | north west delhi | shahdara | south delhi | south east delhi | south west delhi | west delhi | north goa | south goa | ahmadabad | amreli | anand | arvalli | banas kantha | bharuch | bhavnagar | botad | chhotaudepur | dang | devbhumi dwarka | dohad | gandhinagar | gir somnath | jamnagar | junagadh | kachchh | kheda | mahesana | mahisagar | morbi | narmada | navsari | panch mahals | patan | porbandar | rajkot | sabar kantha | surat | surendranagar | tapi | vadodara | valsad | bagalkote | ballari | belagavi | bengaluru rural | bengaluru urban | bidar | chamarajanagara | chikkaballapura | chikkamagaluru | chitradurga | dakshina kannada | davangere | dharwad | gadag | hassan | haveri | kalaburagi | kodagu | kolar | koppal | mandya | mysuru | raichur | ramanagara | shivamogga | tumakuru | udupi | uttara kannada | vijayapura | yadgir | alappuzha | ernakulam | idukki | kollam | kottayam | kozhikode | malappuram | palakkad | pathanamthitta | thiruvananthapuram | thrissur | wayanad | kargil | leh ladakh | lakshadweep district | ahmednagar | akola | amravati | aurangabad | beed | bhandara | buldhana | chandrapur | dhule | gadchiroli | gondia | hingoli | jalgaon | jalna | kolhapur | latur | mumbai | mumbai suburban | nagpur | nanded | nandurbar | nashik | osmanabad | palghar | parbhani | pune | raigad | ratnagiri | sangli | satara | sindhudurg | solapur | thane | wardha | washim | yavatmal | bishnupur | chandel | churachandpur | imphal east | imphal west | jiribam | kakching | kamjong | kangpokpi | noney | pherzawl | senapati | tamenglong | tengnoupal | thoubal | ukhrul | east garo hills | east jaintia hills | east khasi hills | north garo hills | ri bhoi | south garo hills | south west garo hills | south west khasi hills | west garo hills | west jaintia hills | west khasi hills | aizawl | gurdaspur | champhai | hnahthial | khawzawl | kolasib | lawngtlai | lunglei | mamit | saiha | saitual | serchhip | dimapur | kiphire | kohima | longleng | mokokchung | mon | noklak | peren | phek | tuensang | wokha | zunheboto | anugul | balangir | baleshwar | bargarh | bhadrak | boudh | cuttack | deogarh | dhenkanal | gajapati | ganjam | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jharsuguda | kalahandi | kandhamal | kendrapara | kendujhar | khordha | koraput | malkangiri | mayurbhanj | nabarangpur | nayagarh | nuapada | puri | rayagada | sambalpur | sonepur | sundargarh | karaikal | mahe | pondicherry | yanam | amritsar | barnala | bathinda | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozepur | hoshiarpur | jalandhar | kapurthala | ludhiana | mansa | moga | pathankot | patiala | rupnagar | sangrur | s.a.s nagar | shahid bhagat singh nagar | sri muktsar sahib | tarn taran | ajmer | alwar | banswara | baran | barmer | bharatpur | bhilwara | bikaner | bundi | chittorgarh | churu | dausa | dholpur | dungarpur | ganganagar | hanumangarh | jaipur | jaisalmer | jalore | jhalawar | jhunjhunu | jodhpur | karauli | kota | nagaur | pali | pratapgarh | rajsamand | sawai madhopur | sikar | sirohi | tonk | udaipur | east district | north district | south district | west district | adilabad | bhadradri kothagudem | hyderabad | jagitial | jangoan | jayashankar bhupalapally | jogulamba gadwal | kamareddy | karimnagar | khammam | kumuram bheem asifabad | mahabubabad | mahabubnagar | mancherial | medak | medchal malkajgiri | baghpat | mulugu | nagarkurnool | nalgonda | narayanpet | nirmal | nizamabad | peddapalli | rajanna sircilla | ranga reddy | sangareddy | siddipet | suryapet | vikarabad | wanaparthy | warangal rural | warangal urban | yadadri bhuvanagiri | dadra and nagar haveli | daman | diu | dhalai | gomati | khowai | north tripura | sepahijala | south tripura | unakoti | west tripura | almora | bageshwar | chamoli | champawat | dehradun | haridwar | nainital | pauri garhwal | pithoragarh | rudra prayag | tehri garhwal | udam singh nagar | uttar kashi | agra | aligarh | ambedkar nagar | amethi | amroha | auraiya | ayodhya | bahraich | ballia | balrampur | banda | barabanki | bareilly | basti | bhadohi | bijnor | budaun | bulandshahr | chandauli | chitrakoot | deoria | etah | etawah | farrukhabad | fatehpur | firozabad | gautam buddha nagar | ghaziabad | ghazipur | gonda | gorakhpur | hamirpur | hapur | hardoi | hathras | jalaun | jaunpur | jhansi | kannauj | kanpur dehat | kanpur nagar | kasganj | kaushambi | kheri | kushi nagar | lalitpur | lucknow | maharajganj | mahoba | mainpuri | mathura | mau | meerut | mirzapur | moradabad | muzaffarnagar | pilibhit | pratapgarh | prayagraj | rae bareli | rampur | saharanpur | sambhal | sant kabeer nagar | shahjahanpur | shamli | shravasti | siddharth nagar | sitapur | sonbhadra | sultanpur | unnao | varanasi | 24 paraganas north | 24 paraganas south | alipurduar | bankura | birbhum | coochbehar | darjeeling | dinajpur dakshin | dinajpur uttar | hooghly | howrah | jalpaiguri | jhargram | kalimpong | kolkata | maldah | medinipur east | medinipur west | murshidabad | nadia | paschim bardhaman | purba bardhaman | purulia ...
     
    list of our services following states
     
    andaman and nicobar islands | andhra pradesh | arunachal pradesh | assam | bihar | chandigarh | chhattisgarh | delhi | goa | gujarat | haryana | himachal pradesh | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar and kashmir | jharkhand | karnataka | kerala | ladakh | lakshadweep | madhya pradesh | maharashtra | manipur | meghalaya | mizoram | nagaland | odisha | puducherry | punjab | rajasthan | sikkim | tamil nadu | telangana | the dadra and nagar haveli and daman and diu | tripura | uttarakhand | uttar pradesh | west bengal ...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alipur | chanakya puri | civil lines | defence colony | delhi cantonment | dwarka | gandhi nagar | hauz khas | kalkaji | kanjhawala | kapeshera | karawal nagar | karol bagh | kotwali | mayur vihar | mehrauli | model town | najafgarh | narela | patel nagar | preet vihar | punjabi bagh | rajouri garden | rohini | saket | saraswati vihar | sarita vihar | seelam pur | seema puri | shahdara | vasant vihar | vivek vihar | yamuna vihar | adampur | alewa | ambala | ambala cantonment | assandh | ateli | babain st | badhra | badkhal | badli | badshahpur st | bahadurgarh | bahal st | bahin st | ballabgarh | ballah st | balsamand st | bapoli | barara | barwala | barwala st | bass | bawal | bawani khera | beri | bhattukalan st | bhiwani | bhuna st | bilaspur | bondkalan st | chhachhrauli | dabwali | dadri | dahina st | dayalpur st | dhand st | dharuhera st | dhauj st | ellenabad | faridabad | farrukhnagar | fatehabad | fatehpur pundri | ferozepur jhirka | ganaur | gaunchi st | gharaunda | gohana | goriwala st | guhla | gurgaon | hansi | harsaru st | hassanpur st | hathin | hisar | hodal | indri | ismailabad st | israna | jagadhri | jakhal st | jhajjar | jind | julana | kadipur st | kaithal | kalanaur | kalanwali | kalayat | kalka | kanina | karnal | khanpur st | kharkhoda | kheri jalab st | khizrabad st | kosli | kulan st | ladwa | lakhan majra st | loharu | maham | mahendragarh | manesar | manethi st | matenhail | matlauda | mohna st | morni st | mulana st | nagina st | nahar st | nangal chawdhary | naraingarh | narnaul | narnaund | narwana | nathusari chopta | nigdu st | nilokheri | nising st | nuh | palhawas st | palwal | panchkula | panipat | pataudi | pehowa | pillukhera st | punahana | radaur | raipur rani | rai st | rajaund st | rania | ratia | rewari | rohtak | sadhaura st | safidon | saha st | salhawas st | samalkha | sampla | saraswati nagar st | satnali st | shahbad | shahzadpur st | sirsa | siwani | siwan st | sohna | sonipat | taoru | thanesar | tigaon st | tohana | tosham | uchana | uklana st | wazirabad st | abohar | ahmedgarh | ajnala | amloh | amritsar -i | amritsar- ii | anandpur sahib | baba bakala | bagha purana | balachaur | banga | barnala | bassi pathana | batala | bathinda | bhawanigarh | bhikhiwind | bhulath | budhlada | chamkaur sahib | dasua | dera baba nanak | dera bassi | dharamkot | dhar kalan | dhuri | dinanagar | dirba | dudhan sadhan | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozpur | garhshankar | gidderbaha | gurdaspur | guruharsahai | hoshiarpur | jagraon | jaitu | jalalabad | jalandhar - i | jalandhar - ii | kalanaur | kapurthala | khadur sahib | khamanon | khanna | kharar | kotakpura | lehra | ludhiana (east) | ludhiana (west) | majitha | malerkotla | malout | mamdot | mansa | maur | moga | moonak | morinda | mukerian | muktsar | nabha | nakodar | nangal | nawanshahr | nihal singhwala | pathankot | patiala | patran | patti | payal | phagwara | phillaur | raikot | rajpura | rampura phul | rup nagar | samana | samrala | sangrur | sardulgarh | sas nagar (mohali) | shahkot | sultanpur lodhi | sunam | talwandi sabo | tapa | tarn taran | zira...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alampur amb | ani | arki | aut | baddi | bagachnogi | baijnath | baldwara | balh | bali chowki | bangana | banjar | baroh | barsar | bhadrota | bhalai | bharari | bharmour | bharwain | bhattiyat | bhawarna | bhoranj | bhota | bhuntar | bilaspur sadar | birhu kalan | chachyot | chadiyar | chamba | chaupal | chhatri | chirgaon | churah | dadahu | dadasiba | dalhousie | dareeni | darlaghat | deha | dehar | dera gopipur | dhami | dharmpur | dharmsala | dharwala | dhatwal | dhira | dodra kwar | dulahar | fatehpur | gagret | galore | gangath | ghanari | ghumarwin | hamirpur | hangrang | harchakian | haripur | haripurdhar | haroli | holi | indora | ispur | jaisinghpur | jalog | jangla | jaswan | jawalamukhi | jawali | jhanduta | jogindarnagar | jol | jubbal | junga | kakira | kalol | kalpa | kamrau | kandaghat | kangoo | kangra | karsog | kasauli | katoula | khundian | kotgarh | kotkhai | kotla | kotli | krishangarh | kullu | kumarsain | kunihar | kupvi | lad bharol | lagru | lahul | majheen | makridi | mamlig | manali | mandap | mandi | mehatpur | morang | multhan | nadaun | nagrota bagwan | nagrota surian | nahan | naina devi | nalagarh | namhol | nankhari | narag | nerwa | nichar | nihri | nirmand | nither | nohra | nurpur | pachhad | padhar | pajhota | palampur | panchrukhi | pangi | pangna | panjehra | paonta sahib | poo | pragpur | pukhri | rajgarh | rakkar | rampur | ramshahr | renuka | rewalsar | rohru | ronhat | sainj | saluni | sandhol | sangla | sarahan | sarawati nagar | sarkaghat | shahpur | shalai | shimla ( rural ) | shimla (urban) | sihunta | solan | spiti | sulah | sundarnagar | sunni | taklech | tapri | tauni devi bamson | theog | thunag | thural | tihra | tikar | tikken | tira sujanpur | udaipur | una | ajas | akhnoor | aloosa | anantnag | anantnag east | aripal | arnas | arnia | assar | atholi (paddar) | awantipora | bahu | balakote | bandipora | bani | banihal | baramulla | barbugh | bari brahamana | basantgarh | basohli | batote | beerwah | beri pattan | bhaderwah | bhagwah | bhalessa | bhalla | bhalwal | bharath bagla | bhomag | bijbehara | billawar | bishnah | bk pora | boniyar | bounjwah | budgam | chadoora | channapora | charar- e- shrief | chassana | chenani | chhatroo | chilly pingal | chiralla | chitragam | chowki choura | dachhan | dangarpora | danghiwacha | dansal | darhal | devsar | d h pora | dinga amb | doda | dooru | drabshalla | drugmulla | eidgah | frisal | ganderbal | ghagwal | gool | gund | gundna | gurez | hajin | handwara | haveli | hermain | hiranagar | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar north | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar south | jsahibzada-ajit-singh-nagar west | jourian | kahara | kakapora | kalakote | kangan | karnah | kashtigarh | kathua | katra | kawarhama | keegam | keller | keran | khag | khansahib | khanyar | kharah balli | khari | khawas | khoie | khour | kishtwar | kokernag | koteranka | kralpora | kreeri | kulgam | kunzar | kupwara | lalpora | langate | lar | larnoo | laroka | latti | lohai malhar | lolab | machail | machil | magam | mahanpur | mahore | maira mandrian | majalta | mandal | mandi | manjakote | mankote | marh | marheen | marmat | marwah | mendhar | mohalla | moungri | mughalmaidan | nagri | nagrota | nagseni | narbal | nowshera | pahalgam | pahloo | pampore | panchari | panthachowk | pargwal | pattan | phigsoo | pogal paristan | pouni | pulwama | qaimoh | qaziabad | qazigund | qila darhal | rafiabad | rajgarh | rajouri | rajpora | rajpura | ramban | ramgarh | ramhal | ramkote | ramnagar | ranbir singh pura | reasi | sallar | samba | shahbad bala | shahoora | shangus | shopian | siot | sonawari | sopore | srigufwara | srinagar central | srinagar (north) | srinagar (south) | suchetgarh | sundarbani | surankote | tangmarg | taryath | thakrakote | thana mandi | thathri | thuroo | tral | trehgam | tulail | tullamulla khirbhawani | udhampur | uri | vijaypur | wagoora | wakoora | warwan | watergam | yaripora | zachaldara | zainapora | zaingeer | 277 chandigarh | adibadri | almora | bageshwar | bagwalipokhar | bajpur | balganga | bangapani | barakot | barnigad | basukedar | berinag | betalghat | bhagwanpur | bhanoli | bhatwari | bhikiasain | bironkhal | chakisain | chakrata | chamoli | champawat | chaubatta khal | chaukhutiya | chinyali saur | dehradun | devalthal | devprayag | dewal | dhanaulti | dharchula | dhari | dhaulchhina | dhauntari | dhoomakot | dhyari | didihat | doiwala | dugnakuri | dunda | dwarahat | gadarpur | gairsain | gaja | ganai gangoli | gangolihat | garud | ghaat | ghansali | haldwani | hardwar | jainti | jakhani dhar | jakhanikhal | jakholi | jalali | jaspur | jilasu | joshimath | joshiyara | kafligair | kaladhungi | kalsi | kanalichhina | kanda | kandisaur | kapkot | karnaprayag | kashipur | khatima | kichha | kirtinagar | kosya kutauli | kotdwara | laksar | laldhang | lalkuan | lamgada | lansdowne | lohaghat | machhor | madannegi | manch | mori | munsiari | nainbag | nainital | nanakmatta | nandprayag | narayanbagar | narendra nagar | narsan | okhalkanda | pankhu | pati | pauri | pawkidevi | pithoragarh | pokhari | poornagiri | pratapnagar | pulla gumdesh | puraula | rajgarhi | ramgarh | ramnagar | ranikhet | rikhanikhal | rishikesh | roorkee | rudraprayag | rudrapur | sankari | satpuli | shama | sitarganj | someshwar | srinagar | sult | syalde | tehri | tejam | thailisain | thal | tharali | tyuni | ukhimath | vikas nagar | yamkeshwar | drass | kargil | khalsi | leh | nubra | sanku | shaker chiktan | zanskar...