AN ISO/IEC - 17025 STANDARD - NABL ACCREDITATION LABORATORY / TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION - MECH - CIVIL - ELECTRICAL & IT COURSES / A to Z LABORATORY TESTING SERVICES / INSPECTION SERVICES / ALL ENGINEERING CONTRACTORS / MORE THAN 1500 SERVICES ...

Water leakage/seepage Investigation - Building
 
 
 
1. What are the common causes of water leakage?
 
Common causes of water leakage :
 
  • * Leakage in the drainage pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Leakage in the water supply pipes of the upper, adjacent or your own flat.
  • * Deteriorated waterproofing of floor slabs or bath-tub seals.
  • * Seepage of waste water or rain water through roof / external wall.
  •  
    water seepage Testing methods
     
  • 1. Dye Tracer Test
  • 2. Electrical capacitance Investigation
  • 3. Electrical Resistance Investigation
  • 4. Microwave Leakage Testing
  • 5. Infrared Thermography Testing
  • 6. Pressure Test
  • 7. Humidity Sensors Test
  • 8. Electrical Earth Leakage Test
  • 9. Flood Testing
  • 10. Water Spray Test
  • 11. Acoustic Leak Testing
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE ACCURACY OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • 1. Two common sources of water seepage in buildings are from the external, e.g. rainfall, and from above or the alleged source sites, e.g. domestic use of water.
  • 2. The former is obvious and can readily be identified with certainty. The main difficulty is to identify the source/cause of water seepage coming from above (e.g. from the bathroom immediate above an alleged water seepage site).
  • 3. If the parties are cooperative, there is a good chance that the problem of water seepage can be alleviated by investigating/identifying the sources and carrying out proper repair. In majority of the cases, repeated repair will have to be carried out
  •  
    WATER LEAKAGE COMMON METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
     
  • Methodology 1: The alleged source site is first subjected to dyed water to simulate the water source(s). Afterwards, measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Typical examples include flooding test, water spray test and dye test. It is generally considered as the most direct means to identify/differentiate different water source(s). However, it is not applicable in majority of the cases due to non-corporation of owners/occupiers of the alleged source site thereby disallowing any flooding test, water spray test or dye test to be carried out from the alleged water seepage site.
  •  
  • Methodology 2: Without simulating the water source(s), measurement of moisture is carried out in the alleged water seepage site. Source(s) and cause(s) of water seepage are interpreted from the measurement and this requires high level of professional knowledge and expertise.
  •  
  • The commonly used techniques for investigating the causes and/or sources of water seepage.
  •  
    Common methods of investigating water seepage
     
  • 1. Dye test - Through thickness penetration
  • 2. Protimeter measurement - Limit to surface
  • 3. Infrared thermography - From surface to nominal depth
  • 4. Microwave moisture meter - Up to 110 mm or more
  •  
    1. Dye Test
     
  • Dye test is the most commonly used technique, inexpensive and requiring minimal technical skills. It is used by the Joint Office as the routine method for systematic investigation and is recommended as a DIY investigation tool (FEHD and BD). Dye test is carried out by ponding the alleged source site (e.g. flooding the bathroom) with dyed water (“the ponding area”). The result is positive if dye is visible from below. Recently, fluorescent dyes are used thereby signs of water seepage are observed from below by an ultraviolet light in dark condition. Quite often dye is not detected from below in the damp area (“negative results”) even though water originates from the ponding area.
  •  
    2. Protimeter Measurement
     
  • Protimeter is a device commonly used to assess the surface moisture content of a material. Surface moisture content is measured through pushing two needles/electrodes into the material. It enables rapid assessment of surface moisture content. Due to the heterogeneous properties of concrete and unknown properties of finishes on the surface of concrete, readings obtained from a protimeter cannot be taken directly as surface moisture content, unless the readings reflect very high moisture content. As precalibration of surface moisture content of concrete is virtually not possible, readings are taken from both affected areas and non-affected areas (or control points) and the values are compared to estimate the surface moisture content of affected areas
  •  
    3. Infrared thermography
     
  • Infrared thermography is based on the principle that wet and dry building components have different rates of heat gain and retention. This technique is normally applied using a hand-held infrared camera with recording device . Wet zone is identified based on physical characteristics of wet material with slower heat gain and heat loss. It may be able to display water paths, hidden water pipes, etc. that are close to the surface. As temperature differential can be very small (between 0.1C to 0.5C) for identifying a wet area, an uneven surface, e.g. spalling/delamination of finishes, may distort the temperature gradient making the thermographic images unreliable. this is usually the case in an affected area
  •  
    4. Microwave moisture meter
     
  • Microwave moisture meter has gained popularity in measuring the moisture content of a material. It is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the material. Moisture content is estimated from the energy loss due to absorption of water. The device includes a generator and a receiver . It has the disadvantage of requiring a good contact surface for both generator and receiver which may not be possible to achieve in majority of the cases. It is also sensitive to heterogeneous nature of concrete that may cause error in the readings obtained from the measurement. As each measurement is presented as averaged moisture up to a certain depth, accuracy is also adversely affected by the presence of cavities, pipes or reinforcement embedded inside concrete.
  •  
  • Apart from dye test with the advantage of identifying water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage directly, the above are all interpretive testing methods. In some cases, microwave moisture measurement may also provide good indication of the water path(s) or source(s) of water seepage but this largely depends on the quality of the test data
  •  
  • Protimeter and infrared thermography can only identify the presence of moisture near the surface. As moisture measurements are indirectly assessed via electrical resistance and heat, respectively, foreign materials inside concrete may cause similar changes on the measurement to that of water. For instance, presence of salt may affect the reading and thus the accuracy of the measurement. Therefore, the data is used to compare the moisture condition between two different areas of the same material, namely control points not affected by water seepage and the affected areas.
  •  
  • Data obtained from the field works has suggested that there exists no universal method that can provide reliable results to identify the cause(s) of water seepage. Method of investigation has to be determined case by case based on the condition of concrete at the surface and in the interior
  •  
  • As indicated in the above, accuracy depends on the condition of the affected areas and how the tests are performed. Correct interpretation of the test results further relies on an understanding of the underlining principle; limitations; and the pros and cons of applying different methods of investigations. We are of the view that there is in lack of an expertise or a unify approach to select the proper tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results. Obviously, it is very difficult if not impossible task for the parties, who are laymen to the tests, to select the tests; to perform the tests and/or to interpret the results, save and except dye test. A performance-based approach is proposed to handle water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    CONCLUSIONS
     
  • Pursuant to reported cases and relevant provisions in the ordinances, the standard of investigation is to be one with high degree of certainty and the investigation so conducted is able to distinguish all possible causes of water seepage. Common difficulties in resolving water seepage disputes are due to (a) inability to identify the source(s)/cause(s) of water seepage and (b) non-corporation of owners/occupiers of premises alleged of causing water seepage. In respect of (a), it depends on the condition of the affected areas; how the tests are performed; and correct interpretation of the test results. It is necessary to improve and/or develop methods of investigating water seepage. As an alternative approach, it is suggested to identify the source(s) of water seepage from moisture readings obtained from alleged water seepage sites and vibration readings obtained from exposed waste pipes without entering the alleged source sites. Further, it is desirable to shift the method of investigation from an informative approach to a consultative approach with interaction by the party/parties. We need to dedicate tools to match the accuracy/reliability of methods of investigation with the goals of the parties and the goals of the investigation and to provide the parties with opportunities to decide how they would like to proceed. By following a performance-based approach, it is possible to reduce the overall cost and time by not carrying out unnecessary and/or unreliable tests. This may ultimately assist the public to resolve the problem of water seepage in buildings.
  •  
    Water Seepage Investigation List
     
    Water Seepage Problem investigation , Leak & Water Seepage testing in mandoli , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection in mandoli , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage detection in mandoli , Detecting Leakage , water leakage testing in mandoli , Seepage testing Source in mandoli , Residential Building seepage tesing in mandoli , Seepage testing using Fluoride , Seepage on Walls testing in mandoli , Dampness on Walls tesing in mandoli , Preventing Dampness in mandoli , Preventing Dampness Types of Waterproofing Material , Effects of Dampness detection in mandoli , Causes of Dampness detection in mandoli , Seepage or Dampness on Walls , Seepage Inspections , Leak detection and location in mandoli , Leak detection testing in mandoli , Leak detection in mandoli , Leak detection problem inspection , Water Testing and Leakage inspection , Dampness, Seepage and Water Leakage Inspection In mandoli , dampness testing in mandoli , seepage testing in mandoli , water leakage testing in mandoli , leak testing in mandoli , Hydrostatic & Diagnostic Pressure Testing and Pipe Leak , Basements Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Escalators Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Electrical rooms Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Electrical Transformers Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , DG sets Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Rain water harvesting system Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Firefighting systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Lobbies Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Water treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Sewage treatment plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Sumps & Pumping plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Rain water harvesting system Plant Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Corridors Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Parking Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Podium Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Overhead water tanks Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Helipad Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Roads and pathways Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Staircases Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Basement ventilation and exhaust systems Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Dampness & damages in all common areas Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Painting work Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli , Shafts and ducts which are open for inspection Dampness Seepage and Water Leakage testing in mandoli ...
     
    civil ndt and mechanical ndt - non destructive testing in mandoli list
     
    civil ndt testing - non-destructive testing in mandoli , concrete for bridges testing in mandoli , dams civil testing in mandoli ,, building civil ndt in mandoli , subway civil testing in mandoli , tunnel civil ndt in mandoli , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in mandoli , rebound hammer testing in mandoli , rebar locator in mandoli , depth of concrete in mandoli , half cell potential testing in mandoli , carbonation testing in mandoli , pile integrity testing in mandoli , visual inspection and field in mandoli , civil ndt - concrete testing in mandoli , ultrasonic pulse velocity testing in mandoli , rebound hammer testing in mandoli , rebar locator in mandoli , depth of concrete in mandoli , half cell potential testing in mandoli , carbonation testing in mandoli , pile integrity testing in mandoli , visual inspection and field in mandoli , in-situ compressive strength testing in mandoli , civil design strength in mandoli , civil existing structures in mandoli , construction materials testing in mandoli , pile testing systems in mandoli , structural monitoring systems in mandoli , asphalt testing systems in mandoli , pavement testing in mandoli , rock and soil laboratory test systems in mandoli , non-destructive tests for concrete in mandoli , geotechnical & vibration monitoring systems in mandoli , pavement condition monitoring in mandoli , concrete and cement lab systems in mandoli , civil lab testing concrete and concreting material analysis , civil laboratory testing in mandoli , construction material testing in mandoli , cement testing in mandoli , aggregate testing in mandoli , bricks testing in mandoli , blocks testing in mandoli , tension test on rebars testing in mandoli , chemical test on rebars testing in mandoli , water analysis in mandoli , cube test in mandoli , accelerated cube test (act) in mandoli , rapid chloride test (rcpt) in mandoli , concrete mix design in mandoli , fly ash in mandoli , slag and silica fume in mandoli , self compacting concrete in mandoli , temperature controlled concrete in mandoli , civil ndt and concrete testing in mandoli , civil ndt investigation in mandoli , concrete investigation in mandoli , coating thickness measurement on concrete structures in mandoli , compressive strength testing in mandoli , concrete mix design in mandoli , bitumen mix design in mandoli , core extraction testing in mandoli , core sampling testing in mandoli , concrete core testing in mandoli , concrete cube testing in mandoli , chemical analysis in mandoli , electrical resistivity testing in mandoli , ground penetrating radar survey in mandoli , sieve analysis in mandoli , ultrasonic low frequency testing in mandoli , upv testing in mandoli , vibration analysis of building in mandoli , leak testing in mandoli , ct scan on conctete in mandoli , element analysis on concrete in mandoli , impact echo testing in mandoli , linear polarization testing in mandoli , load testing in mandoli , permeability testing in mandoli , petrography of concrete in mandoli , pullout testing in mandoli , cut and pullout testing (cpo test) in mandoli , impulse response test in mandoli , impact echo test in mandoli , ground penetrating radar (gpr) in mandoli , crack depth measurement in mandoli , reinforcement location and corrosion assessments in mandoli , reinforcement location by ground penetrating radar (gpr) in mandoli , cover assessment in mandoli , half cell potential tests in mandoli , resistivity tests in mandoli , corrosion rate assessment in mandoli , carbonation test in mandoli , repair quality assessment in mandoli , bond test in mandoli , anchor rebar pull out strength in mandoli , chemical testing in mandoli , ultrasonic testing in mandoli , radiographic testing in mandoli , magnetic particle testing in mandoli , penetrant testing in mandoli , eddy current testing in mandoli , visual testing in mandoli , ultrasonic thickness measurement testing in mandoli , vibration analysis in mandoli , time of flight diffraction (tofd) in mandoli , phased array ultrasonic testing (paut) in mandoli , ndt testing in mandoli , non destructive testing in mandoli , ndt in mandoli , ultrasonic testing in mandoli , magnetic particle testing in mandoli , dye penetrant testing in mandoli , radiographic testing in mandoli , eddy current testing in mandoli , vibration analysis in mandoli , paut – toft in mandoli , ultrasonic thickness gauging testing in mandoli , helium leak detection in mandoli , rfet / nfet / pect testing in mandoli , internal rotary inspection system (iris) in mandoli , acoustic pulse reflectometry (apr) in mandoli , positive material identification testing in mandoli , magnetic flux leakage (mfl) testing in mandoli , acoustic emission testing in mandoli , flouresent leak detection in mandoli , long range ultrasonic testing - lrut in mandoli , thermography inspection in mandoli , leak testing in mandoli , tky joints ultrasonic testing in mandoli , aws d1.1 structural steel ultrasonic testing in mandoli , ndt capabilities for mechanical and civil in mandoli , ultrasonic inspection in mandoli , time of flight diffraction (tofd) and phased array ut in mandoli , magnetic particle testing in mandoli , dye penetrant testing in mandoli , radiographic testing in mandoli , eddy current testing in mandoli , weld ability study in mandoli , visual inspection and field in mandoli ...
     
    list of our services following cities
     
    central delhi | east delhi | new delhi | north delhi | north east | north west | south delhi | south west | west delhi | delhi | aali | ali pur | asola | aya nagar | babar pur | bakhtawar pur | bakkar wala | bankauli | bankner | bapraula | baqiabad | barwala | bawana | begum pur | bhalswa jahangir pur | bhati | bhor garh | burari | chandan hola | chattar pur | chhawala (chhawla) | chilla saroda bangar | chilla saroda khadar | dallo pura | darya pur kalan | dayal pur | delhi | delhi cantonment | deoli | dera mandi | dindar pur | fateh pur beri | gharoli | gharonda neemka bangar (patparganj) | gheora | ghitorni | gokal pur | hastsal | ibrahim pur | jaffar pur kalan | jaffrabad | jait pur | jharoda kalan | jharoda majra burari | jiwan pur (johri pur) | jona pur | kair | kamal pur majra burari | kanjhawala | kapas hera | karala | karawal nagar | khajoori khas | khan pur dhani | khera | khera kalan | khera khurd | kirari suleman nagar | kondli | kotla mahigiran | kusum pur | lad pur | libas pur | maidan garhi | malik pur kohi (rang puri) | mandoli | mir pur turk | mithe pur | mitraon | mohammad pur majri | molar band | moradabad pahari | mubarak pur dabas | mukand pur | mukhmel pur | mundka | mustafabad | nangli sakrawati | nangloi jat | neb sarai | new delhi | nilothi | nithari | pehlad pur bangar | pooth kalan | pooth khurd | pul pehlad | qadi pur | quammruddin nagar | qutab garh | raja pur khurd | rajokri | raj pur khurd | rani khera | roshan pura (dichaon khurd) | sadat pur gujran | sahibabad daulat pur | saidabad | saidul azaib | sambhalka | shafi pur ranhola | shakar pur baramad | siras pur | sultan pur | sultan pur majra | taj pul | tigri | tikri kalan | tikri khurd | tilang pur kotla | tukhmir pur | ujwa | ziauddin pur ....
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    ambala | bhiwani | charki dadri | faridabad | fatehabad | gurugram | hisar | jhajjar | jind | kaithal | karnal | kurukshetra | mahendragarh | nuh | palwal | panchkula | panipat | rewari | rohtak | sirsa | sonipat | yamunanagar | bilaspur | chamba | hamirpur | kangra | kinnaur | kullu | lahul and spiti | mandi | shimla | sirmaur | solan | una | anantnag | bandipora | baramulla | budgam | doda | ganderbal | jmandoli | kathua | kishtwar | kulgam | kupwara | poonch | pulwama | kasaragod | rajouri | ramban | reasi | samba | shopian | srinagar | udhampur | bokaro | chatra | deoghar | dhanbad | dumka | east singhbum | garhwa | giridih | godda | gumla | hazaribagh | jamtara | khunti | koderma | latehar | lohardaga | pakur | palamu | ramgarh | ranchi | sahebganj | saraikela kharsawan | simdega | west singhbhum | agar malwa | alirajpur | anuppur | ashoknagar | balaghat | barwani | betul | bhind | bhopal | burhanpur | chhatarpur | chhindwara | damoh | datia | dewas | dhar | dindori | east nimar | guna | gwalior | harda | hoshangabad | indore | jabalpur | jhabua | katni | khargone | mandla | mandsaur | morena | narsinghpur | neemuch | niwari | panna | raisen | rajgarh | ratlam | rewa | sagar | satna | sehore | seoni | shahdol | shajapur | sheopur | shivpuri | sidhi | singrauli | tikamgarh | ujjain | umaria | vidisha | ariyalur | chengalpattu | chennai | coimbatore | cuddalore | dharmapuri | dindigul | erode | azamgarh | kallakurichi | kanchipuram | kanniyakumari | karur | krishnagiri | madurai | mayiladuthurai | nagapattinam | namakkal | perambalur | pudukkottai | ramanathapuram | ranipet | salem | sivaganga | tenkasi | thanjavur | theni | the nilgiris | thiruvallur | thiruvarur | tiruchirappalli | tirunelveli | tirupathur | tiruppur | tiruvannamalai | tuticorin | vellore | villupuram | virudhunagar | nicobars | north and middle andaman | south andamans | anantapur | chittoor | east godavari | guntur | krishna | kurnool | prakasam | spsr nellore | srikakulam | visakhapatanam | vizianagaram | west godavari | y.s.r. | anjaw | changlang | dibang valley | east kameng | east siang | kamle | kra daadi | kurung kumey | leparada | lohit | longding | lower dibang valley | lower siang | lower subansiri | namsai | pakke kessang | papum pare | shi yomi | siang | tawang | tirap | upper siang | upper subansiri | west kameng | west siang | baksa | barpeta | biswanath | bongaigaon | cachar | charaideo | chirang | kannur | darrang | dhemaji | dhubri | dibrugarh | dima hasao | goalpara | golaghat | hailakandi | hojai | jorhat | kamrup | kamrup metro | karbi anglong | karimganj | kokrajhar | lakhimpur | majuli | marigaon | nagaon | nalbari | sivasagar | sonitpur | south salmara mancachar | tinsukia | udalguri | west karbi anglong | araria | arwal | aurangabad | banka | begusarai | bhagalpur | bhojpur | buxar | darbhanga | gaya | gopalganj | jamui | jehanabad | kaimur (bhabua) | katihar | khagaria | kishanganj | lakhisarai | madhepura | madhubani | munger | muzaffarpur | nalanda | nawada | pashchim champaran | patna | purbi champaran | purnia | rohtas | saharsa | samastipur | saran | sheikhpura | sheohar | sitamarhi | siwan | supaul | vaishali | chandigarh | balod | baloda bazar | balrampur | bastar | bemetara | bijapur | bilaspur | dantewada | dhamtari | durg | gariyaband | gaurella pendra marwahi | janjgir-champa | jashpur | kabirdham | kanker | kondagaon | korba | korea | mahasamund | mungeli | narayanpur | raigarh | raipur | rajnandgaon | sukma | surajpur | surguja | central delhi | east delhi | new delhi | north delhi | north east delhi | north west delhi | shahdara | south delhi | south east delhi | south west delhi | west delhi | north goa | south goa | ahmadabad | amreli | anand | arvalli | banas kantha | bharuch | bhavnagar | botad | chhotaudepur | dang | devbhumi dwarka | dohad | gandhinagar | gir somnath | jamnagar | junagadh | kachchh | kheda | mahesana | mahisagar | morbi | narmada | navsari | panch mahals | patan | porbandar | rajkot | sabar kantha | surat | surendranagar | tapi | vadodara | valsad | bagalkote | ballari | belagavi | bengaluru rural | bengaluru urban | bidar | chamarajanagara | chikkaballapura | chikkamagaluru | chitradurga | dakshina kannada | davangere | dharwad | gadag | hassan | haveri | kalaburagi | kodagu | kolar | koppal | mandya | mysuru | raichur | ramanagara | shivamogga | tumakuru | udupi | uttara kannada | vijayapura | yadgir | alappuzha | ernakulam | idukki | kollam | kottayam | kozhikode | malappuram | palakkad | pathanamthitta | thiruvananthapuram | thrissur | wayanad | kargil | leh ladakh | lakshadweep district | ahmednagar | akola | amravati | aurangabad | beed | bhandara | buldhana | chandrapur | dhule | gadchiroli | gondia | hingoli | jalgaon | jalna | kolhapur | latur | mumbai | mumbai suburban | nagpur | nanded | nandurbar | nashik | osmanabad | palghar | parbhani | pune | raigad | ratnagiri | sangli | satara | sindhudurg | solapur | thane | wardha | washim | yavatmal | bishnupur | chandel | churachandpur | imphal east | imphal west | jiribam | kakching | kamjong | kangpokpi | noney | pherzawl | senapati | tamenglong | tengnoupal | thoubal | ukhrul | east garo hills | east jaintia hills | east khasi hills | north garo hills | ri bhoi | south garo hills | south west garo hills | south west khasi hills | west garo hills | west jaintia hills | west khasi hills | aizawl | gurdaspur | champhai | hnahthial | khawzawl | kolasib | lawngtlai | lunglei | mamit | saiha | saitual | serchhip | dimapur | kiphire | kohima | longleng | mokokchung | mon | noklak | peren | phek | tuensang | wokha | zunheboto | anugul | balangir | baleshwar | bargarh | bhadrak | boudh | cuttack | deogarh | dhenkanal | gajapati | ganjam | jagatsinghapur | jajapur | jharsuguda | kalahandi | kandhamal | kendrapara | kendujhar | khordha | koraput | malkangiri | mayurbhanj | nabarangpur | nayagarh | nuapada | puri | rayagada | sambalpur | sonepur | sundargarh | karaikal | mahe | pondicherry | yanam | amritsar | barnala | bathinda | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozepur | hoshiarpur | jalandhar | kapurthala | ludhiana | mansa | moga | pathankot | patiala | rupnagar | sangrur | s.a.s nagar | shahid bhagat singh nagar | sri muktsar sahib | tarn taran | ajmer | alwar | banswara | baran | barmer | bharatpur | bhilwara | bikaner | bundi | chittorgarh | churu | dausa | dholpur | dungarpur | ganganagar | hanumangarh | jaipur | jaisalmer | jalore | jhalawar | jhunjhunu | jodhpur | karauli | kota | nagaur | pali | pratapgarh | rajsamand | sawai madhopur | sikar | sirohi | tonk | udaipur | east district | north district | south district | west district | adilabad | bhadradri kothagudem | hyderabad | jagitial | jangoan | jayashankar bhupalapally | jogulamba gadwal | kamareddy | karimnagar | khammam | kumuram bheem asifabad | mahabubabad | mahabubnagar | mancherial | medak | medchal malkajgiri | baghpat | mulugu | nagarkurnool | nalgonda | narayanpet | nirmal | nizamabad | peddapalli | rajanna sircilla | ranga reddy | sangareddy | siddipet | suryapet | vikarabad | wanaparthy | warangal rural | warangal urban | yadadri bhuvanagiri | dadra and nagar haveli | daman | diu | dhalai | gomati | khowai | north tripura | sepahijala | south tripura | unakoti | west tripura | almora | bageshwar | chamoli | champawat | dehradun | haridwar | nainital | pauri garhwal | pithoragarh | rudra prayag | tehri garhwal | udam singh nagar | uttar kashi | agra | aligarh | ambedkar nagar | amethi | amroha | auraiya | ayodhya | bahraich | ballia | balrampur | banda | barabanki | bareilly | basti | bhadohi | bijnor | budaun | bulandshahr | chandauli | chitrakoot | deoria | etah | etawah | farrukhabad | fatehpur | firozabad | gautam buddha nagar | ghaziabad | ghazipur | gonda | gorakhpur | hamirpur | hapur | hardoi | hathras | jalaun | jaunpur | jhansi | kannauj | kanpur dehat | kanpur nagar | kasganj | kaushambi | kheri | kushi nagar | lalitpur | lucknow | maharajganj | mahoba | mainpuri | mathura | mau | meerut | mirzapur | moradabad | muzaffarnagar | pilibhit | pratapgarh | prayagraj | rae bareli | rampur | saharanpur | sambhal | sant kabeer nagar | shahjahanpur | shamli | shravasti | siddharth nagar | sitapur | sonbhadra | sultanpur | unnao | varanasi | 24 paraganas north | 24 paraganas south | alipurduar | bankura | birbhum | coochbehar | darjeeling | dinajpur dakshin | dinajpur uttar | hooghly | howrah | jalpaiguri | jhargram | kalimpong | kolkata | maldah | medinipur east | medinipur west | murshidabad | nadia | paschim bardhaman | purba bardhaman | purulia ...
     
    list of our services following states
     
    andaman and nicobar islands | andhra pradesh | arunachal pradesh | assam | bihar | chandigarh | chhattisgarh | delhi | goa | gujarat | haryana | himachal pradesh | jmandoli and kashmir | jharkhand | karnataka | kerala | ladakh | lakshadweep | madhya pradesh | maharashtra | manipur | meghalaya | mizoram | nagaland | odisha | puducherry | punjab | rajasthan | sikkim | tamil nadu | telangana | the dadra and nagar haveli and daman and diu | tripura | uttarakhand | uttar pradesh | west bengal ...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alipur | chanakya puri | civil lines | defence colony | delhi cantonment | dwarka | gandhi nagar | hauz khas | kalkaji | kanjhawala | kapeshera | karawal nagar | karol bagh | kotwali | mayur vihar | mehrauli | model town | najafgarh | narela | patel nagar | preet vihar | punjabi bagh | rajouri garden | rohini | saket | saraswati vihar | sarita vihar | seelam pur | seema puri | shahdara | vasant vihar | vivek vihar | yamuna vihar | adampur | alewa | ambala | ambala cantonment | assandh | ateli | babain st | badhra | badkhal | badli | badshahpur st | bahadurgarh | bahal st | bahin st | ballabgarh | ballah st | balsamand st | bapoli | barara | barwala | barwala st | bass | bawal | bawani khera | beri | bhattukalan st | bhiwani | bhuna st | bilaspur | bondkalan st | chhachhrauli | dabwali | dadri | dahina st | dayalpur st | dhand st | dharuhera st | dhauj st | ellenabad | faridabad | farrukhnagar | fatehabad | fatehpur pundri | ferozepur jhirka | ganaur | gaunchi st | gharaunda | gohana | goriwala st | guhla | gurgaon | hansi | harsaru st | hassanpur st | hathin | hisar | hodal | indri | ismailabad st | israna | jagadhri | jakhal st | jhajjar | jind | julana | kadipur st | kaithal | kalanaur | kalanwali | kalayat | kalka | kanina | karnal | khanpur st | kharkhoda | kheri jalab st | khizrabad st | kosli | kulan st | ladwa | lakhan majra st | loharu | maham | mahendragarh | manesar | manethi st | matenhail | matlauda | mohna st | morni st | mulana st | nagina st | nahar st | nangal chawdhary | naraingarh | narnaul | narnaund | narwana | nathusari chopta | nigdu st | nilokheri | nising st | nuh | palhawas st | palwal | panchkula | panipat | pataudi | pehowa | pillukhera st | punahana | radaur | raipur rani | rai st | rajaund st | rania | ratia | rewari | rohtak | sadhaura st | safidon | saha st | salhawas st | samalkha | sampla | saraswati nagar st | satnali st | shahbad | shahzadpur st | sirsa | siwani | siwan st | sohna | sonipat | taoru | thanesar | tigaon st | tohana | tosham | uchana | uklana st | wazirabad st | abohar | ahmedgarh | ajnala | amloh | amritsar -i | amritsar- ii | anandpur sahib | baba bakala | bagha purana | balachaur | banga | barnala | bassi pathana | batala | bathinda | bhawanigarh | bhikhiwind | bhulath | budhlada | chamkaur sahib | dasua | dera baba nanak | dera bassi | dharamkot | dhar kalan | dhuri | dinanagar | dirba | dudhan sadhan | faridkot | fatehgarh sahib | fazilka | firozpur | garhshankar | gidderbaha | gurdaspur | guruharsahai | hoshiarpur | jagraon | jaitu | jalalabad | jalandhar - i | jalandhar - ii | kalanaur | kapurthala | khadur sahib | khamanon | khanna | kharar | kotakpura | lehra | ludhiana (east) | ludhiana (west) | majitha | malerkotla | malout | mamdot | mansa | maur | moga | moonak | morinda | mukerian | muktsar | nabha | nakodar | nangal | nawanshahr | nihal singhwala | pathankot | patiala | patran | patti | payal | phagwara | phillaur | raikot | rajpura | rampura phul | rup nagar | samana | samrala | sangrur | sardulgarh | sas nagar (mohali) | shahkot | sultanpur lodhi | sunam | talwandi sabo | tapa | tarn taran | zira...
     
    list of our services following districts
     
    alampur amb | ani | arki | aut | baddi | bagachnogi | baijnath | baldwara | balh | bali chowki | bangana | banjar | baroh | barsar | bhadrota | bhalai | bharari | bharmour | bharwain | bhattiyat | bhawarna | bhoranj | bhota | bhuntar | bilaspur sadar | birhu kalan | chachyot | chadiyar | chamba | chaupal | chhatri | chirgaon | churah | dadahu | dadasiba | dalhousie | dareeni | darlaghat | deha | dehar | dera gopipur | dhami | dharmpur | dharmsala | dharwala | dhatwal | dhira | dodra kwar | dulahar | fatehpur | gagret | galore | gangath | ghanari | ghumarwin | hamirpur | hangrang | harchakian | haripur | haripurdhar | haroli | holi | indora | ispur | jaisinghpur | jalog | jangla | jaswan | jawalamukhi | jawali | jhanduta | jogindarnagar | jol | jubbal | junga | kakira | kalol | kalpa | kamrau | kandaghat | kangoo | kangra | karsog | kasauli | katoula | khundian | kotgarh | kotkhai | kotla | kotli | krishangarh | kullu | kumarsain | kunihar | kupvi | lad bharol | lagru | lahul | majheen | makridi | mamlig | manali | mandap | mandi | mehatpur | morang | multhan | nadaun | nagrota bagwan | nagrota surian | nahan | naina devi | nalagarh | namhol | nankhari | narag | nerwa | nichar | nihri | nirmand | nither | nohra | nurpur | pachhad | padhar | pajhota | palampur | panchrukhi | pangi | pangna | panjehra | paonta sahib | poo | pragpur | pukhri | rajgarh | rakkar | rampur | ramshahr | renuka | rewalsar | rohru | ronhat | sainj | saluni | sandhol | sangla | sarahan | sarawati nagar | sarkaghat | shahpur | shalai | shimla ( rural ) | shimla (urban) | sihunta | solan | spiti | sulah | sundarnagar | sunni | taklech | tapri | tauni devi bamson | theog | thunag | thural | tihra | tikar | tikken | tira sujanpur | udaipur | una | ajas | akhnoor | aloosa | anantnag | anantnag east | aripal | arnas | arnia | assar | atholi (paddar) | awantipora | bahu | balakote | bandipora | bani | banihal | baramulla | barbugh | bari brahamana | basantgarh | basohli | batote | beerwah | beri pattan | bhaderwah | bhagwah | bhalessa | bhalla | bhalwal | bharath bagla | bhomag | bijbehara | billawar | bishnah | bk pora | boniyar | bounjwah | budgam | chadoora | channapora | charar- e- shrief | chassana | chenani | chhatroo | chilly pingal | chiralla | chitragam | chowki choura | dachhan | dangarpora | danghiwacha | dansal | darhal | devsar | d h pora | dinga amb | doda | dooru | drabshalla | drugmulla | eidgah | frisal | ganderbal | ghagwal | gool | gund | gundna | gurez | hajin | handwara | haveli | hermain | hiranagar | jmandoli | jmandoli north | jmandoli south | jmandoli west | jourian | kahara | kakapora | kalakote | kangan | karnah | kashtigarh | kathua | katra | kawarhama | keegam | keller | keran | khag | khansahib | khanyar | kharah balli | khari | khawas | khoie | khour | kishtwar | kokernag | koteranka | kralpora | kreeri | kulgam | kunzar | kupwara | lalpora | langate | lar | larnoo | laroka | latti | lohai malhar | lolab | machail | machil | magam | mahanpur | mahore | maira mandrian | majalta | mandal | mandi | manjakote | mankote | marh | marheen | marmat | marwah | mendhar | mohalla | moungri | mughalmaidan | nagri | nagrota | nagseni | narbal | nowshera | pahalgam | pahloo | pampore | panchari | panthachowk | pargwal | pattan | phigsoo | pogal paristan | pouni | pulwama | qaimoh | qaziabad | qazigund | qila darhal | rafiabad | rajgarh | rajouri | rajpora | rajpura | ramban | ramgarh | ramhal | ramkote | ramnagar | ranbir singh pura | reasi | sallar | samba | shahbad bala | shahoora | shangus | shopian | siot | sonawari | sopore | srigufwara | srinagar central | srinagar (north) | srinagar (south) | suchetgarh | sundarbani | surankote | tangmarg | taryath | thakrakote | thana mandi | thathri | thuroo | tral | trehgam | tulail | tullamulla khirbhawani | udhampur | uri | vijaypur | wagoora | wakoora | warwan | watergam | yaripora | zachaldara | zainapora | zaingeer | 277 chandigarh | adibadri | almora | bageshwar | bagwalipokhar | bajpur | balganga | bangapani | barakot | barnigad | basukedar | berinag | betalghat | bhagwanpur | bhanoli | bhatwari | bhikiasain | bironkhal | chakisain | chakrata | chamoli | champawat | chaubatta khal | chaukhutiya | chinyali saur | dehradun | devalthal | devprayag | dewal | dhanaulti | dharchula | dhari | dhaulchhina | dhauntari | dhoomakot | dhyari | didihat | doiwala | dugnakuri | dunda | dwarahat | gadarpur | gairsain | gaja | ganai gangoli | gangolihat | garud | ghaat | ghansali | haldwani | hardwar | jainti | jakhani dhar | jakhanikhal | jakholi | jalali | jaspur | jilasu | joshimath | joshiyara | kafligair | kaladhungi | kalsi | kanalichhina | kanda | kandisaur | kapkot | karnaprayag | kashipur | khatima | kichha | kirtinagar | kosya kutauli | kotdwara | laksar | laldhang | lalkuan | lamgada | lansdowne | lohaghat | machhor | madannegi | manch | mori | munsiari | nainbag | nainital | nanakmatta | nandprayag | narayanbagar | narendra nagar | narsan | okhalkanda | pankhu | pati | pauri | pawkidevi | pithoragarh | pokhari | poornagiri | pratapnagar | pulla gumdesh | puraula | rajgarhi | ramgarh | ramnagar | ranikhet | rikhanikhal | rishikesh | roorkee | rudraprayag | rudrapur | sankari | satpuli | shama | sitarganj | someshwar | srinagar | sult | syalde | tehri | tejam | thailisain | thal | tharali | tyuni | ukhimath | vikas nagar | yamkeshwar | drass | kargil | khalsi | leh | nubra | sanku | shaker chiktan | zanskar...